基于降水利用比较分析的四川省种植制度优化  

Cropping system optimization based on the comparative analysis of precipitation utilization in Sichuan Province

作　　者：王明田[1,2] 曲辉辉[3,4] 杨晓光[3] 张晓煜[3] 李茂松[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610071 [2]四川省农业气象中心,成都610071 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [4]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨150030 [5]中国农业科学院农业资源与区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第7期2099-2109,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD04B07);全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划(“973”计划)(2010CB951502)

摘　　要：比较分析四川8个农业生态区典型站点及其主要种植模式的降水盈亏产量降低率、产量降低率风险指数、降水利用效率和降水经济效率。结果表明:(1)四川省不同区域、不同种植模式、不同作物及其不同生育阶段基于降水盈亏的产量降低率多年均值差异较大。区域分布上,雅安最低,仅23%,攀西最高,达50%以上,其余地区30%—40%;种植制度上,麦—玉—苕等旱三熟低于麦—稻等水旱轮作两熟制;作物种类上,冬小麦、冬油菜、秋播马铃薯等作物普遍高于水稻、玉米、棉花、红薯和大豆作物;生育阶段上,冬小麦、冬油菜、秋播马铃薯作物开花前后普遍较高,各种作物生育末期较低。(2)基于自然降水,攀西地区遭遇旱灾的风险极大,麦—玉—苕等旱三熟的产量降低率风险指数相对较小;雅安等盆地内部多数区域由于阶段性降水过多引起湿害偏重,导致麦—稻等水旱轮作两熟制略优于旱三熟。基于降水利用效率和降水经济效率,各地比较一致,较优的种植制度首先是麦(油、薯)—稻两熟制,其次才是麦(油)—玉—苕(豆)旱三熟。(3)综合旱涝灾害风险、降水利用效率和降水经济效率,以及复杂地形等因素,有较好灌溉条件的农田应以麦(油、薯)—稻水旱轮作两熟制为主,而无水源保障的旱地则以麦(油)—玉—苕(豆)旱三熟为主。In the 8 typical stations of agro-ecological zone in Sichuan Province,analysis study on the primary planting models was done to compare the yield reduction rate related with precipitation profit and loss,risk index of yield reduction rate,rainfall use efficiency（RUE） and economic efficiency of precipitation（EEP） of the primary cropping patterns.The results showed that：（1） The averaged yield reduction rates related with precipitation profit and loss significantly varied with regions,cropping patterns,crops and crop growth stages in Sichuan Province.Spatialy,the lowest value of 23% appeared in Ya′an station,the highest value above 50% appeared in Panxi station,and 30%—40% in other regions;in cropping patterns,the value of dry triple cropping pattern with wheat-maize-Chinese trumpet creeper was lower than that of the rotation pattern with wheat-rice;in crop species,the values of winter wheat,winter rape and autumn sowing potato et al.were generally higher than that of rice,maize,cotton,sweet potato and soybean;in growth stages,the values before and after flowering of winter wheat,winter rape and autumn sowing potato were generally higher;however,values at the end stage of each crop were relatively lower.（2） Based on natural precipitation,Panzhihua and Xichang encountered the highest risk of drought,but the risk index of yield reduction rate for the dry triple cropping pattern with wheat-maize-Chinese trumpet creeper was relatively lower;due to excessive staged precipitation in most basin regions like Ya′an,the waterlodgging disaster was more severe,resulting that the rotation pattern with wheat-rice was slightly supior to the dry triple cropping pattern with wheat-maize-Chinese trumpet creeper.Based on the rainfall use efficiency（RUE） and economic efficiency of precipitation（EEP）,comparing results were great consistent at all stations： the superior cropping pattern was the double cropping pattern with wheat（rape or potato）-rice followed by the dry triple crooping pattern with wh

关 键 词：降水盈亏产量降低率 产量降低率风险指数 降水利用效率 降水经济效率 种植制度优化 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]