基于“3S”技术的村镇住宅洪灾脆弱性曲线研究  

Research on Flood Vulnerability Curves of Rural Dwellings Based on "3S" Technology

作　　者：董姝娜[1] 姜鎏鹏[2] 张继权[2] 佟志军[2] 刘兴朋[2] 蒋新宇[3] 

机构地区：[1]长春师范学院城市与环境科学学院,吉林长春130032 [2]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院,东北师范大学自然灾害研究所,吉林长春130024 [3]京都大学防灾研究所,日本京都府宇治611-0011

出　　处：《灾害学》2012年第2期34-38,42,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20100585);全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划(2010CB951102);吉林省教育厅“十二五”科学技术研究项目(2011-184);国家自然科学基金(41071326,40871236)

摘　　要：脆弱性曲线常用来表示各类承灾体的洪灾损失率与洪水特征之间的关系,是洪灾风险评价方法中的关键部分。为了构建村镇住宅洪灾脆弱性曲线,以2010年永吉县口前镇洪灾为案例,根据抽样理论运用GPS技术开展了村镇住宅洪灾损失的实地调查;运用RS技术和GIS技术提取出洪水淹没水深用以补充未调查房屋的淹没水深数据;采用回归分析方法建立了各类平房住宅水深-损失率之间的关系,用以表征脆弱性曲线。结果表明:居民住宅的洪灾损失率与水深高度相关,且在同一淹没水深下,平房住宅的使用时间越长损失率越大。脆弱性曲线的建立为计算洪灾潜在损失和区域防灾减灾提供了依据。Flood vulnerability curves normally relate to a set of elements at risk and present information on the relationship between flood damage rates and flood inundation parameters,and they are the essential components of the risk assessment for the flood disaster.In order to establish flood vulnerability curves of rural dwellings,taking the flood disaster of Kouqian town in Yongji county in 2010 as an example,GPS technology was used in order to collect data in the field based on sampling theory;the depth of flood water was extracted by using RS and GIS technology in order to obtain additional data;the relationship between depth and loss rate was established by using regression analysis in order to present flood vulnerability curves of rural dwellings.The result shows that： the depth of flood water and the loss rate of the rural dwelling were in high correlation,and the loss rate increased with the using time of rural dwellings.Flood vulnerability curves can provide an important basis for disaster prevention and reduction.

关 键 词：村镇住宅 洪灾 脆弱性曲线 “3S”技术 吉林省永吉县口前镇 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]