互惠策略与国际关系  

Study on the Strategy of Reciprocity and International Relations

作　　者：黄真[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海行政学院,上海200233

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2012年第3期48-57,共10页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"金融危机后新兴经济体参与全球经济治理的挑战及我国对策研究"(11CGJ007)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：互惠策略及其制度化被新自由主义者认为能够实现合作进化,本文是对这个基本认识的思考。互惠策略在理论上的意义,在于一定程度上突出了国家的能动性、适应性和"进程建构"的特征,使人对国际关系的进化持有审慎的乐观;但理论意义又是有限的,突出表现在互惠策略预定国家的理性利己本性,忽视了若干互惠是运作于非自利的动机和关系背景之下。互惠策略在政策上的意义,在于鼓励国家超越"霍布斯逻辑",敢于给予、敢于接受和敢于回报;不过其政策意义也是有限的,表现在使领导人和民众对重复博弈和确定性产生具有危险性的偏好。未来的互惠策略研究应该聚焦于三个方面:互惠的政策研究,即国家应该怎么给予、怎么接受和怎么回报;多元互惠研究,即多国的战略互惠研究;互惠实践与国际关系和国家动机的再造,明确互惠策略与合作进化或退化之间的机制。Reciprocity with its institutionalization is considered to be able to make cooperation evolve by neo-liberalists.This paper is meant to be a reflection on this view.The theoretical significance lies in highlighting states＇initiative,adaptation and the traits of ＂process constructing＂,making us prudently optimistic about the evolution of international relations.But this significance is quite limited,because reciprocity presumes the nature of state as rational and selfish,and ignores some reciprocities are operated by non-selfish motive and in non-selfish relational background.The practical significance is to encourage states to transcend the ＂Hobbes logic＂,and dare to give,accept and return.But this significance is also limited,because reciprocity leads the leaders and the people to have risky preference for the repeated game and certainty.The future researches of the strategy of reciprocity should focus on three aspects：The policy researches of reciprocity,namely how to give,accept and return;pluralistic reciprocity researches namely the multi-nation strategic reciprocity researches;and the reciprocity practice,reproduction of international relations and national motive,in order to make clear the mechanisms between reciprocity strategy and the evolution and degradation of cooperation.

关 键 词：互惠策略 条件 悖论 未来研究 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]