中国玉米杂交种的种质基础  

THE MAIZE GERMPLASM BASE OF HYBRIDS IN CHINA

作　　者：曾三省[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农科院作物所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1990年第4期1-9,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：对1978-1987年中国主要玉米杂交种生产和1984-1988年全国大区区域试验的咨料的分析表明:我国玉米杂交种生产已完全进入单交种时代,国内系×国外系的杂交种面积增加较多,1987年已达到百万亩以上杂交种总面积的65.68%。玉米杂交种的亲本系利用更趋集中,1987年自330,黄早四和Mo17的面积已分别占百万亩以上杂交种总面积的11.43%、14.61％和28.29%,我国玉米种质基础更趋狭窄。我国玉米新自交系的主要来源是单交组合(42.3%),综合种或群体(13.4%),地方品种(12.6%)和回交(10.6%)。近几年由于育成了一批新系和新杂交种,产量育种水平有所提高。The maize germplasm base in China is summarized through the synthetic analysis of main maize hybrids grown on more than one million mu from 1978 to 1987 and of genetical component of regional trials of maize hybrids in China from 1984 to 1989. It is indicated that the utilization of main inbred lines is tending to concentration, 3 inbred lines (Zi330, Huang Zao Si and Mo17) were widely used as parents in hybrids for 11.43%, 14.61% and 28.29% of the total hybrids grown on more than one million mu respectively in 1987, the crossing way is nearly single-cross in maize seed production, hybrids using domestic inbred line×exotic inbred line accounted for 65.68% of the total growing area of hybrids in 1987, the maize germplasm base of China trends to narrow. The predominant source of new inbred line development was single crosses (42.3%), followed by populations or synthetics (13.4%), local varieties (12.6%), backcrosses (10.6%), and the others (21.1%). It is very important that the collection of a variety of maize germplasm must paid great attention to, that population improvement must be strengthened, and that exchange of germplasm materials between breeding units should be extended for improving situation of germplasm bass in China.

关 键 词：玉米 玉米杂交种 种质基础 选育 

分 类 号：S513.03[农业科学—作物学]