极危植物云南芙蓉种群生物学特性  

Biological Characteristics of the Critically Endangered Species Hibiscus yunnanensis Population

作　　者：李云琴[1] 杜凡[1] 冷天鑫[1] 汪建[1] 刘娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南林学院学报》2012年第2期101-105,共5页Journal of Southwest Forestry College

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目资助

摘　　要：对云南芙蓉的分布、生境、居群现状、生长状况和形态学特征作专题调研,并分析其极危原因。结果表明:在元江县城附近昆洛公路边和元江县东俄加油站公路边2个原有分布点找寻到其植株,并发现元江边武洒村旁、元江县农业技术推广站附近和华侨农场附近3个新分布点;云南芙蓉为阳性不耐旱的亚灌木植物,伴生植物主要为热带阳性次生物种,云南芙蓉没有根蘖和倒苗现象,可以正常开花结实,花果期很长且结实量很大,但实生苗极少;其分布区域在不断消失,植株数量急剧减少,整体呈衰退趋势;严重的人为干扰是造成云南芙蓉野生居群个体数量急剧减少的主要原因;自花传粉的局限、种子的重力散布方式和自然更新能力较差可能是致使其极危的内在原因。Hibiscus yunnanensis is one of the critically endangered（CR） species in the China Species Red List. The geographic distribution, habitat conditions, population status, growth and morphological characteristics of H. yunnanensis were surveyed, and the reasons leading to the critically endangered status were analyzed. According to the previous records, two old distribution spots of H. yunnanensis were found adjacent to Kunluo highway and close to Dong＇e gas station, three new distribution points were discovered close to Wusa Village, adjacent to the Overseas Chinese Farm, and by the Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Station of Yuanjiang County. H. yun- nanensis is a heliophilous sub-shrub species, not drought resistant, it usually grows in the sunny but moist habitats, whose accompany plants are mainly tropical heliophilous secondary species. H. yunnanensis plants do not generate root suckers, and do not fall easily. There are seldom seedlings in the H. yunnanensis communities although the a- duh plants may regularly blossom and bear fruits, with long florescence duration and large quantity of fruits. The distribution area of H. yunnanensis is shrinking, and the number of the plants has decreased rapidly, showing the overall declining trend. It was proposed that the human interference has been the main reason to cause the sharp re- duction of H. yunnanensis plant number in the wild populations. The limitation of its self pollination, the spreading way of its seeds by gravity and the poor ability of natural regeneration might be the internal reasons leading to be ex- tremely endangered.

关 键 词：云南芙蓉 居群现状 生物学特性 极危原因 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]