核桃无融合生殖的细胞胚胎学研究  

A cytoembryological study on apomixis in walnut ( Jugians regia L.)

作　　者：陈耀锋[1] 郎少兰[2] 高绍棠[3] 高洋 

机构地区：[1]西北农业大学农学系,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西安联合大学,西安710000 [3]西北林学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北农业大学学报》2000年第1期16-20,共5页Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry（Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!( 396 70 6 2 0 )

摘　　要：用常规石腊切片技术对核桃无融合生殖的胚胎发生进行了研究,结果表明,核桃为单子房直生胚珠。成熟胚囊属典型的蓼型胚囊。供试的3个核桃品种(系)无融合生殖胚由卵细胞发育而来,属孤雌生殖类型。卵细胞自发分裂形成2细胞原胚、4细胞原胚到多细胞球型原胚,进一步发育为无融合生殖胚。两极核融合并分裂形成胚乳细胞。助细胞和反足细胞在这一过程中退化。The developmental process of apomictic embryo in three walnut ( Juglans regia L.) varieties was observed under light microscope,using the method of conventional paraffin sectioning.The result showed that there was an ovule in the female flower of walnut and the embryo sac of walnut was a typical eight nuclei Polygonum embryo sac including an egg,two synergids,two polar nuclei and three antipodals.Apomictic embryos of three walnut varieties came from non fertilized egg cell in the mature embryo sac and they belonged to parthenogenesis of egg cell.The eggcell divided autonomously formed two cell primary embryos,multiple cell primary embryos,and globular embryo to mature embryo.The endosperm cell was formed by two polar nuclei fusion and division.Two synergids and three antipodals were aborted in the developing process of egg cell and endosperm cells.

关 键 词：核桃 无融合生殖 细胞胚胎学 自发分裂 孤雌生殖 

分 类 号：S664.101[农业科学—果树学] S664.103[农业科学—园艺学]