长沙城市热岛的成因分析  

The Causes Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Changsha

作　　者：康文星[1,2,3] 李进[1] 吴耀兴[4] 何介南[1] 李硕[5] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]南方林业生态应用技术国家工程实验室,长沙410004 [3]国家野外科学观测研究站,湖南会同418307 [4]湖南科技学院,湖南永州425100 [5]中机国际工程设计研究院有限责任公司,长沙410021

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第11期295-300,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目"城市森林减缓城市热岛效应的机理研究"(09JJ3031)

摘　　要：为了缓解长沙热岛效应的技术措施的制定,利用调查试验等基本数据,对长沙市热岛形成原因进行分析。结果表明:长沙城市热岛强度随建城区面积的扩大而加强,热岛效应影响的范围和向外扩展的趋势与城市建城区的轮廓及城市向外发展的趋势相一致;长沙城区内部结构特征和下垫面的热性质为城市热岛的形成奠定了基础;城区人为热源增加,增加了城区大气中的热量,促进城市热岛形成;排放的大气污染物和粉尘烟尘,若以"尘罩"或"气罩"的形式覆盖在长沙城区的低空层,阻挡城区地面长波辐射的散发,反过来增加大气对地面的长波辐射,有利热岛形成;长沙城市热岛一般出现在晴朗、无风(或微风),大气层结稳定,空气湍流运动较弱的天气条件下,若空气垂直运动剧烈,或降雨持续时长,降水量大,或地面风速超过4m/s的天气下,长沙城区不存在热岛现象。长沙城市热岛出现与否,天气气候条件起着重要的作用。In order to develop the technical measures to alleviate the heat island effects in Changsha City,data set collected with method of test and investigation was analyzed the causes of heat island effects in urban area of Changsha City.The results showed that：urban heat island effect intensity was enhanced with the construction of the expansion of urban areas,and the scope and expansion trend of heat island effect was consistent with construction and development of urban areas;internal structure within the urban and urban surface characteristics of thermal properties was the basic foundation of urban heat island effects;artificially increasing the urban heat,which increased the urban heat in the atmosphere,promoted the formation of urban heat island effect;emissions of air pollutants and dust,adopting the ＇ dust cover ＇ or ＇ hood ＇ in the form of low coverage layer in atmosphere air,enabled the heat island effect through blocking long-wave radiation from the earth surface and,in turn,increasing the atmospheric long-wave radiation to the ground;weather and climate conditions played an important role in the presence of Changsha urban heat island effects.Changsha urban heat island effect generally happened in the conditions of sunny,no wind （or breeze）,stable atmospheric stratification,and weak air turbulence.On the contrast,the heat island phenomenon of Changsha City did not happen under weather conditions of severe vertical movement of air,or duration of rainfall,precipitation,or earth surface wind speed over 4 m/s.

关 键 词：热岛效应 热岛强度 大气污染 人类活动 气候变化 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]