耕作方式对黑土耕层孔隙分布和水分特征的影响  

Tillage effects on soil pore size distribution and soil moisture in Northeast China

作　　者：陈学文[1,2] 张晓平[1] 梁爱珍[1] 贾淑霞[1] 时秀焕[1,2] 范如芹[1,2] 魏守才[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2012年第6期114-120,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40801071);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADB3B01);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-QN307)资助

摘　　要：为探索耕作方式对黑土孔隙度分布和土壤水分特征的影响,以2010年吉林省德惠市中层黑土上进行了9年的田间定位试验小区土壤为研究对象,对免耕和秋翻两种耕作处理下耕层土壤孔隙度和土壤水分特征曲线进行分析。结果表明不同耕作处理对黑土孔隙度影响较大。与秋翻相比,免耕减小了土壤总孔隙度,增大了0～5cm和20～30cm10%～16%的>100μm大孔隙,减小了耕层5～20cm的100～30μm次大孔隙,两种处理不同深度的中孔隙和微孔隙数量相近。不同耕作方式对土壤水分特征的影响存在较大差异,免耕0～5cm和20～30cm的持水能力高于秋翻,而5～20cm表现出相反的变化趋势。实施免耕后,改变了土壤孔隙分布和持水性能,对土壤通气透水和作物根系发育具有重要作用。The effects of no tillage （NT） and mouldboard plow （MP） on the soil porosity and soil moisture in a black soil in Northeast China were studied. The tillage experiment trial was established in Dehui County, Jilin Province in 2001. The result showed that tillage practices greatly affected soil porosity. Compared with MP, NT decreased soil total porosity, and increased 10% - 16% of large macropores in 0 - 5era and 20 - 30era, while decreased the small maeropores in 5 - 20era layer. Numbers of meso and micro pores of different depths un- der two tillage practices were similar. Tillage effects on soil moisture charaeterisitc were quite different. Water holding capacity of NT in 0 ~ 5cm and 20 -30cm was higher than MP, while it showed the opposite trend in 5 20cm. Application of NT changed soil pore size distribution and water holding capacity, and it played an impor- tant role in soil aeration and crop root development.

关 键 词：免耕 黑土 土壤孔隙度 土壤水分特征 

分 类 号：S152.5[农业科学—土壤学] S152.7[农业科学—农业基础科学]