水轮机的磨蚀失效特性  

Sand abrasion characteristics of materials for hydro-turbines

作　　者：任岩[1] 张兰金[1] 李延频[1] 陈德新[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电学院电力学院,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2012年第2期188-191,共4页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：水利部948计划技术创新推广转化项目(CT200207)

摘　　要：为了用更加科学的方法防治和减轻黄河流域水电站的泥沙磨蚀,有必要采用真实的黄河原型沙对水轮机材料的磨蚀失效特性进行研究.采用郑州花园口的黄河原型沙,在实验室条件下,以黄河三门峡水电站的实际情况为基础,通过测定3种不同泥沙含量、6种不同流速条件下2种水轮机材料1Cr18Ni9Ti和ZG0Cr16Ni5Mo的磨蚀失重量和磨蚀失重率,并对试验结果进行定性和定量分析,获得了水轮机在黄河原型沙环境下磨蚀量与磨蚀时间、磨蚀量与流速、磨蚀量与含沙量之间的关系及其回归式,并得到了2种试验材料的磨蚀失效特性的数学模型.试验结果表明:在含沙量相同的情况下,无论哪种材料,其磨蚀失重量均随着流速的增大而增大;在流速相同的情况下,材料的失重量随着流体含沙量的增大而增大;磨蚀随着时间的延续而增大.由回归式可知,在黄河原型沙和水动力学环境下,金属材料的磨蚀量大约与流速的3次方、含沙量的1次方和时间的1次方呈正比.To prevent from or relieve sand abrasion of Yellow River in a more scientific manner, it is necessary real sands in that river. The sediment sand in that river hydro-turbines in hydropower stations on the to investigate the abrasion characteristics with bed located at Huayuankou in Zhengzhou was applied into the sand abrasion characteristics measurements of the steels 1Crl8Ni9Ti and ZGOCrl6Ni5Mo in the laboratory. The flow conditions were based on the actual situation of flow in Sanmenxia Hydropower Station sited on the Yellow River. The weight loss and its rate against time of these two kinds of materials for hydro-turbine were measured at three sand concentrations, six different water steam velocities. The correlations such as material weight loss to time, steam velocity and sand concentration were obtained through the analyses on the experimental results. Eventually, the mathe- matical models of sand abrasion characteristics were established by using the regression methods for these two materials. It was shown that weight loss is increased with increasing stream velocity for all the materials, the weight loss rises with increasing sand concentration at a constant velocity, also, the longer the time is lasted in measurements the more the weight loss gets. The obtained regression equations suggest that the material weight loss is approximately proportional to the third power of stream velocity, the first power of both sand concentration and time under those experimental conditions.

关 键 词：水轮机材料 泥沙磨蚀 磨蚀失重量 磨蚀失重率 黄河原型沙 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]