风蚀对窟野河流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Surface Water Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Jinghe River of Shaanxi Province, China

作　　者：王菊翠[1,2] 仵彦卿[1,3] 党碧玲[2] 徐增让[4] 胡安焱[2] 张学真[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048 [2]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710054 [3]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2012年第4期674-685,共12页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目（KZCX2-YW-442）;中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动专项; 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目（10501-225）; 水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题（2010007）; 中国博士后科学基金资助项目（20090460421）

摘　　要：风蚀在黄土高原风水蚀复合区的侵蚀产沙中扮演着重要的角色。利用窟野河流域神木水文站水沙资料及有关气象资料,分析了风蚀对窟野河神木水文站以上流域产沙贡献的时间尺度特征。结果表明,风力的侵蚀搬运对窟野河流域产沙起着重要的作用。月时间尺度上,风沙入河量存在＂存储—释放＂的过程;风蚀产沙贡献在3月和11—12月出现高峰值,4—9月风蚀贡献率逐渐降低;冬春季节淤积的泥沙,在夏季逐渐被冲走,到了9月,把淤积的泥沙最大限度冲走而开始新的淤积过程;月时间尺度上风蚀贡献率与风蚀气候因子分布趋势一致;7、8两月的风沙贡献量占年风蚀贡献总量的80.5%,风沙贡献量的峰值出现在7月,约7.75×106t。季尺度上,夏季风蚀贡献率最低,仅7.8%。秋、冬季逐渐升高,春季达到最高,风蚀贡献率为28.6%。年尺度上,风力作用对神木水文站以上流域的产沙贡献为17.2%,风蚀贡献量为12.7×106t/a。The current hot issue of water resource and environment research is the study on regional water environment jointly affected by global climate change and human activities, and evaluating the spatial and temporal variations of surface water quality is an important aspect of water quality assessment. In this study, surface water quality data for 16 physical and chemical parame- ters collected from Jingcun and Zhangjiashan sections of Jinghe River during the years from 2004 to 2007 were analyzed using PCA and FA in dry and wet seasons. The principal component analysis was employed to evaluate the correlations of water quality parameters, while factor analysis was used to extract the most important parameters of the two sections in dry and wet seasons. Analysis shows that the most important parameters of the two sections in dry season are mainly the index of salinization by natural input and that of Jingcun Section also include the index of organic pollution which is mainly from point discharge of the upstream of Jinghe River; and the most important parameters in wet season are mainly the index of non-point pollution including the index of eutrophication by anthropogenic input and the index of salinization by natural input and also include the index of organic pollution in Zhangjiashan Section which is mainly volatile phenol from tributary between Jiugcun Section and Zhangjiashan Section. Sulphates coming from different sources are always the most important water quality parameters in Jinghe River of Shaanxi Province all over the year.

关 键 词：风蚀产沙 风蚀气候因子 风水复合侵蚀 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]