老年人空气中PM10个体暴露来源解析  

Source Apportionment of PM10 Personal Exposure of Elderly Population in a Community

作　　者：张楠[1] 白志鹏[1,2] 何飞[1] 游燕[1] 周剑[1] 韩斌[1] 牛璨[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071 [2]中国环境科学研究院

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2012年第4期320-324,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家环保公益性行业科研专项(200709048);国家自然科学基金面上项目(20977054);国家973计划项目(2011CB503801)

摘　　要：目的探讨老年人PM10个体暴露水平,解析其暴露来源。方法于2009年8—9月对天津某住宅区内80名老年人进行PM10个体暴露样品采集以及相应的室内外PM10浓度的监测及来源解析。结果 PM10个体暴露室内外环境OC/EC的比值均>2,说明个体暴露存在二次有机污染的可能;NO3-/SO42-比值均值相对较小(个体暴露为0.42,室内环境为0.51,室外环境为0.68),说明固定源是个体暴露的主要污染源;主成分分析共提取7个因子(源),分别是金属冶炼、机动车源和硝酸盐、燃烧源、土壤尘、工业源(主要是钢铁产业)、二次硫酸盐和室内再悬浮。结论金属冶炼、机动车源和硝酸盐、燃烧源是影响PM10个体暴露的主要来源。Objective To collect personal PM10 sample and identify their potential exposure source for the elderly living in a community in Tianjin. Methods A total of 80 elderly participants were recruited in August and September, 2009 and PM10 of 24 h personal exposure, residential indoor and outdoor was monitored with the instruments wore by people and placed indoor and outdoor, and 24 h time-activity patterns were recorded by the participants. PCA receptor model was applied to analyze related sources and contribution. Results The ratio of OC and EC were more than 2, which indicated the secondary organic pollution might be contributed to personal exposure. The relatively lower NO3-]SO42- ratio suggested that stationary source was a dominant source of PM10 personal exposure. Results of source appointment showed that seven sources, namely metal smelting, motor vehicle emission and nitrate, combustion, soil, industrial sources （mainly steel-making）, secondary sulfate and indoor re-suspended particulate matter were identified. Conclusion Metal smehing, motor vehicle emission and nitrate, and combustion are identified as the principal sources of personal exposure to PM10.

关 键 词：老年人 PM10 个体暴露 来源解析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X513[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]