甘蓝类作物的核型分析与比较  

Karyotype Analysis and Compaison of Cole Crops

作　　者：张蜀宁[1] 张红梅[1] 郑金双[1] 孔艳娥[1] 王建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,农业部南方蔬菜遗传改良重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2011年第2期30-35,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2008314)

摘　　要：采用常规压片法对甘蓝类作物的7个变种进行了核型分析和比较。结果表明:青花菜2n=2x=18=8m+10sm(2SAT),随体位于第6对染色体上;结球甘蓝2n=2x=18=8m+10sm(2SAT),随体位于第6对染色体上;花椰菜2n=2x=18=12m+6sm(2SAT),随体位于第7对染色体上;芥蓝2n=2x=18=8m+10sm(2SAT),随体位于第7对染色体上;抱子甘蓝2n=2x=18=8m+10sm(2SAT),随体位于第7对染色体上(首次报道);羽衣甘蓝2n=2x=18=10m+8sm;球茎甘蓝2n=2x=18=8m+10sm,羽衣甘蓝和球茎甘蓝未观察到随体染色体。7个变种核型分类均属于2A型,为基本对称核型,但不同变种间的进化程度存在不同程度的差异。此外,对甘蓝类作物的亲缘关系及遗传多样性也进行了探讨。Karyotype analysis and comparison of 7 subspecies of cole crops were conducted by traditional squash method.The results showed that broccoli（Brassica oleralea L.var.italica P.）：2n=2x=18=8m＋10sm（2SAT）,satellites were observed at the 6th pair of chromosomes;cabbage（Brassica oleralea L.var.capitata L.）：2n=2x=18=8m＋10sm（2SAT）,satellites were observed at the 6th pair of chromosomes;cauliflower（Brassica oleralea L.var.botrytis L.）：2n=2x=18=12m＋6sm（2SAT）,satellites located in the 7th pair of chromosomes;cabbage mustard（Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey）：2n=2x=18=8m＋10sm（2SAT）,satellites were observed at the 7th pair of chromosomes;brussels sprouts（Brassica oleralea L.var.germmifera Zenk.）：2n=2x=18=8m＋10sm（2SAT）（first time to be reported）,satellites were observed at the 7th pair of chromosomes;collard（Brassica oleralea L.var.acephala DC.）：2n=2x=18=10m＋8sm and kohlrabi（Brassica oleralea L.var.caulorapa DC.）：2n=2x=18=8m＋10sm,no satellites were observed at these two subspecies.The karyotype type of all subspecies belong to 2A,presenting a ultimately symmetry karyotype.But the evolution extent is inconsistent among different subspecies.In addition,we also discussed about the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of cole crops.

关 键 词：甘蓝类作物 核型分析 核型比较 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：S635[农业科学—蔬菜学]