沿海滩涂中度盐碱地蓖麻钾吸收特点的研究  

CHARACTERISTICS OF POTASSIUM ABSORPTION OF CASTOR PLANTS GROWM ON MEDIUM SALINE SOIL

作　　者：周桂生[1,2] 童晨[1,2] 李军[1,2] 董伟伟[1,2] 夏玉荣[1,2] 陆建飞[1,2] 封超年[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009 [2]扬州大学农业部长江中下游作物生理生态栽培重点实验室,扬州225009

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第4期95-99,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD09A08-03);江苏省农业科技支撑计划(SBE2010307);江苏省滩涂生物资源与环境保护重点建设实验室开放基金(JLCBE10004);江苏省优势学科项目

摘　　要：作物对钾的吸收受到土壤速效钾含量、种植密度、氮和磷营养的供应强度等因素的影响。土壤钾含量过高或施钾量过大,往往会导致钾的奢侈吸收。以淄蓖5号和云蓖泰国202为试验品种,研究了沿海滩涂中度盐碱地不施钾条件下蓖麻钾吸收利用的特点及与籽粒产量的关系。结果表明,种植密度和施氮量对钾吸收量的影响均达到显著水平,淄蓖5号在种植密度13 000株.hm-2、施氮量120 kg.hm-2的条件下产量最高,每生产100 kg的蓖麻籽吸收钾9.55 kg,云蓖泰国202在种植密度16 000株.hm-2、施氮.量为120 kg.hm-2条件下获得的产量最高,每生产100 kg的蓖麻籽吸收钾11.16 kg。两个品种苗期钾吸收速率很低,蕾期增加,开花期达到高峰,花果期和灌浆成熟期逐渐降低,云蓖泰国202在开花期和灌浆成熟期的钾吸收速率明显高于淄蓖5号。两个品种的整株钾吸收量与产量呈显著或极显著的正相关关系,花序中的钾吸收量与产量呈极显著的正相关关系,茎杆和叶片的钾吸收量与产量呈一元二次方程的关系。鉴于此,在本试验条件下开花期适量施用钾肥可进一步促进花序生长和籽粒灌浆,从而提高籽粒产量。Potassium absorption in crops is affected by the content of soil available potassium,planting density,and the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil.The overuse of potassium and unusual high content of soil available potassium may result into the luxury absorption of potassium in plants.With Zibi 5 and Yunbi TCO-202 as the tested cultivars,the absorption of potassium in castor plants grown on medium saline soil without potassium application were studied under different treatments of planting density and nitrogen applied amount.The absorption of potassium was significantly affected by planting density and nitrogen applied amount.At the planting density level of 13 000 plant·hm-2 and the nitrogen applied amount of 120 kg·hm-2,the yield of Zibi 5 was the highest;and 9.55 kg K2O was needed to produce 100 kg castor bean.For Yunbi TCO-202,the highest yield was obtained when the planting density was 16 000 plant·hm-2 and the nitrogen application amount was 120 kg·hm-2;11.16 kg K2O was needed to produce 100 kg castor bean.The rate of potassium absorption at seedling stage was very low,increased at budding stage,and reached the peak at flowering stage.Compared with Zibi 5,the rate of potassium absorption at flowering stage and graining filling and ripening stage was significantly higher in Yunbi TCO-202.For both cultivars,the absorption of potassium in the whole plant and in the inflorescence was positively correlated to castor bean yield at the 0.05 or 0.01 probability level.The relationship between the absorption of potassium in the leaves and in the stems,and the castor bean yield was expressed with an inverted-U quadratic equation.Under the conditions of this study,the application of potassium can probably increase the yield of castor bean.But the application should be conducted at the flowering stage so as to promote the growth of inflorescence and grain filling.

关 键 词：蓖麻 种植密度 施氮量 钾吸收 

分 类 号：S565.601[农业科学—作物学]