家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响  

Effects of replacement of fish meal with housefly maggot meal on growth performance,antioxidant and non-specific immune indexes of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：曹俊明[1,2,3] 严晶[1,2,3,4] 黄燕华[1,2,3] 王国霞[1,2,3] 张荣斌[1,2,3,4] 陈晓瑛[1,2,3] 文远红[1,2,3] 周婷婷[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院畜牧研究所,广东广州510640 [2]广东省动物育种与营养公共实验室,广东广州510640 [3]广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [4]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水产学报》2012年第4期529-537,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：2010年广东省中小企业发展专项项目;广东省农业攻关项目(2010B020309003);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(A201001H03)

摘　　要：设计6种等氮等能的试验饲料,以评价不同比例的家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、抗氧化以及非特异性免疫指标的影响。选用960尾体质量为（0.56±0.03）g的凡纳滨对虾随机分为6组,分别投喂用家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉的6种饲料,替代比例（等蛋白替代）分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%,记为G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100。45 d的养殖试验结果显示,G20~G60组凡纳滨对虾的增重率（WGR）与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）,G80、G100组WGR显著降低（P〈0.05）。除G40组外,各替代组凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率（SGR）均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。G100组摄食量（FI）显著低于其它各组（P〈0.05）。当替代水平不超过60%时,家蝇蛆粉对凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数（FCR）、蛋白质效率（PER）、蛋白质沉积率（PPV）和肝胰指数（HSI）影响不显著（P〉0.05）;随替代水平的继续增加,FCR和HSI显著升高,PER和PPV显著降低（P〈0.05）。替代组对虾肥满度（CF）和存活率（SR）均不同程度的高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。随家蝇蛆粉替代水平的增加,全虾粗蛋白、钙（Ca）和总磷（P）含量显著升高（P〈0.05）,粗脂肪含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,干物质和灰分含量差异不显著（P〉0.05）。各替代组对虾血清和肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、血清丙二醛（MDA）含量与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）,G80和G100组肝胰腺MDA含量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。血清酚氧化酶（PO）活性随家蝇蛆粉替代量的增加而显著降低,其中G20组显著高于其它各组（P〈0.05）。肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性随添加量的增加而显著降低（P〈0.05）。家蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的血细胞总数（THC）、血清一氧化氮（NO）含量、AKP活性和肝胰腺PO活性、NO含量影响不显著（P〉0.05）。This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal by housefly maggot meal（HMM） on growth performance,antioxidant and non-specific immune indexes of juvenile white shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei）.Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 0,20%,40%,60%,80% and 100% replacement of fish meal with HMM on a protein basis.960 juvenile shrimp with an average body weight of（0.56±0.03） g were randomly assigned to 6 groups.The shrimp were fed six diets respectively,named G0,G20,G40,G60,G80 and G100.After 45 d feeding,there was no significant difference in WGR（weight gain rate） from G20 to G60,while it was significantly decreased in G80 and G100.SGR（specific growth rate） of shrimp were significantly lower than that of the control group except for G40（P〈0.05）.FI（feed intake）in G100 was significantly lower than other groups（P〈0.05）.Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in FCR（feed conversion ratio）,PER（protein efficiency ratio）,PPV（productive protein value）,HSI（hepotosomatic index） when the replacement levels were no more than 60%,while FCR,HSI were significantly increased and PER,PPV were significantly decreased with increasing HMM replacement ration.CF（condition factor） and SR（survival rate） in HMM groups were higher than those in the control group to some extent.With HMM increasing,crude protein,calcium and total phosphorus content increased significantly and crude lipid content decreased（P〈0.05）,while dry matter and ash content were not significantly different（P〉0.05）.No significant difference was found among all the treatments in serum and hepatopancreas SOD（superoxide dismutase） activity,and serum MDA（malondialdehyde） content（P〈0.05）,and MDA content in G80 and G100 was significantly higher than that of the control group（P〈0.05）.Serum PO（phenoloxidase） activity tended to increase first and then decrease,the highest value was observed in G20（P〈0.05�

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 家蝇蛆粉 鱼粉 生长 抗氧化 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S963.321[农业科学—水产养殖]