常温下低氨氮污水的短程硝化启动研究  

Start-up Experiment of Shortcut Nitrification for Low Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater at Room Temperature

作　　者：张昭[1] 李冬[1] 仲航[1] 刘丽倩[1] 周利军[1] 孙宇[1] 吴迪[1] 张杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学水质科学与水环境恢复工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2012年第9期35-39,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50878003);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8092006);城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(QAK201005);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07208-003-003;2008ZX07420-004-001;2008ZX07208-005-003);北京工业大学第九届研究生科技基金资助项目(ykj-2011-4764;ykj-2011-4765;ykj-2011-4766)

摘　　要：在常温(15～28℃)及限氧(DO=0.10～1.0 mg/L)条件下,以处理城市污水的A/O除磷工艺出水为原水,采用中试规模的推流式反应器,通过接种硝化污泥,分别采取序批式及连续流方式启动短程硝化。当以序批式运行时,采取控制好氧曝气时间的策略,经过20个周期(20 d)的运行,氨氧化率达70%,亚硝化率超过80%,去除负荷为0.08 kgNH4+-N/(m3.d),初步实现了短程硝化的启动。而延时曝气及较高的污泥负荷会导致短程硝化的不稳定甚至逐步恶化直至崩溃。当以连续流启动时,单靠调控DO浓度、曝气方式、HRT及SRT等难以实现亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的淘汰。同时,有机负荷的骤增会引发污泥微膨胀,但在降低有机负荷后微膨胀现象逐渐消失,且污泥的硝化性能没有受到影响。The effluent of an A/O process removing phosphorous from municipal wastewater was used as the influent of a pilot-scale plug flow reactor. Under the conditions of room temperature （ 15 to 28 ~C ） and limited oxygen （DO =0.10 to 1.0 mg/L）, the nitrifying sludge was inoculated, and shortcut nitrification was started by sequencing batch and continuous flow methods. In the sequencing batch reactor, the strategy of real-time control of aeration duration was taken. After 20 continuous cycles （20 d）, the ammonia oxidation rate was over 70%, the nitrosation rate was over 80%, and the removal load reached 0.08 kgNH4 -N/（ m3· d）, showing that the initial start-up of shortcut nitrification was achieved. The relatively high sludge unstable to the point of crashing. loading rate as well as the delay In the continuous flow reactor, of aeration made shortcut nitrification eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB） by controlling dissolved oxygen （DO）, aeration mode, hydraulic retention time （HRT）, sludge retention time （SRT） and other parameters was difficult. Meanwhile, dramatically increasing the organic loading caused limited sludge bulking, but when organic loading was reduced, sludge bulking gradually disappeared and nitrification performance was not affected.

关 键 词：短程硝化 启动 序批式 连续流 溶解氧 推流式 低氨氮浓度污水 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]