三峡库区及重庆主城区蓄水前后水中持久性有毒物质的污染及变化趋势  

Pollution Status and Variation Tendency of Persistent Toxic Substances in the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：曹佳[1] 舒为群[1] 黄玉明[2] 张卫东[3] 罗财红[3] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学军事预防医学院,重庆400038 [2]西南大学化工学院,重庆400715 [3]重庆市环境科学研究院,重庆400020

出　　处：《成都医学院学报》2012年第1期2-5,14,共5页Journal of Chengdu Medical College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(No:30630056;No:81130051);国家科技部攻关项目(No:2003BA903B03-02);国家科技部专项课题(No:2003BA869C);重庆市重大科技项目(No:CSTC2006A)

摘　　要：为系统检测三峡库区蓄水前后水中持久性有毒物质(PTS)污染状况变化,本课题组于三峡水库蓄水前(2000-2002年)、蓄水中(2002-2004年)和蓄水后(2004-2008年),选择重庆主城区及三峡库区上、中、下游7个监测水域断面,首次对三峡库区水体中有机污染物、重金属、同位素和藻类毒素等PTS进行了系统动态监测。结果表明上述污染物总体含量均很低,或远小于国家有关环境标准限值,主要持久性有机污染物(POPs)为酞酸酯类和多环芳烃类。健康风险评估结果显示,水源水中检出频率最高的6种POPs由饮水途径所致个人健康年风险介于2.79×10-10～4.44×10-13.a-1的范围,年总风险为3.70×10-10.a-1,远低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受值5.0×10-5.a-1,说明2008年底以前三峡库区水质是比较稳定的,但今后应继续加强三峡库区水中PTS污染状况的动态监测。To systematically detect the pollution status and variation tendency of persistent toxic substances （PTS） in the water of the Three Gorges Reservoir before, processing and after store up water. We selected seven sites in the main city of Chongqing and upper, middle and lower reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area before impounding（ 2000 2002 ）, while impounding （ 2002 2004 ）and after impounding （ 2004-2008 ）, conducting systematical and dynamic monitor of the pollution situation of organic contaminants, heavy metals, isotopes and algae toxins in the water of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area for the first time. The consequence indicated that the overall contents of those contaminants above were lower, or far below the national environmental limits. The main persistent organic pollutants（POPs） were phthalate esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The health risk evaluation showed that the annual risk of personal health resulted by six most frequent persistent organic contaminants detected in source water by way of drinking was between 2.79× 10^-10-4.44 × 10^-13 a^-1 , and the annual total risk was 3.70×10^-10. a^-1 , which was far below the maximum acceptable value 5.0 ×10 5. a 1 recommended by ICRP. The water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir had been relatively steady by the end of 2008, however, the pollution status of PTS in the water of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area since 2008 deserves further dynamic monitor.

关 键 词：三峡库区 持久性有毒物质 持久性有机污染物 污染现况 变化趋势 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]