大型原油储罐池火灾事故下消防能力的评估  

The Assessment of Fire-fighting Capabilities under the Pool Fire of Large Crude Oil Storage Tank

作　　者：李庆功[1,2] 宋文华[1] 吕铃钥[1] 陈阵[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津市消防总队,天津300100

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期83-89,共7页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50974096);天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划重点项目(10JCZDJC25000)

摘　　要：以某大型原油储备库为例,采用FDS火灾模拟软件对储罐罐内池火灾进行了数值模拟,得出了火灾发展过程、烟气质量分数分布以及热辐射强度的变化规律,火灾初期烟粒子浓度高的区域分布面积大,且烟粒子分布的面积也比较广,随着反应的进行,烟粒子浓度逐渐降低,火焰逐渐明显,且主要分布在油面附近;热辐射强度随燃烧时间的延长而增强,最高值达35 kW/m2,最终下降并稳定在25 kW/m2左右.最后,对罐区固定消防设施以及移动消防设施的消防能力进行了评估.消防给水系统不能满足储罐罐内池火灾的灭火需求,泡沫灭火系统46 m in可以将火扑灭;满足5 m in原则的1号超特勤消防站不能满足该储罐发生池火灾所需要的消防车数量、移动泡沫炮数量、泡沫混合液量以及冷却水量.Using fire simulation software FDS,the pool fire inside the tank is simulated with a large crude oil storage tank area taken for an example.The result of the fire development process,the mass fraction distribution of flue gas and the thermal radiation intensity variation is as follows.In the initial period of fire,the area range of high smoke concentration is wide,and the distribution of smoke particle is relatively wide,with the reaction proceeding,the concentration of smoke particles decreases,the flame becomes clear and is mainly on the surface of oil.The thermal radiation intensity is enhanced as the burning time passes by with the maximum value of 35 kW/m2,and finally declines stabilized at 25 kW/m2 or so.At last,the ability of the fixed and mobile firefighting facilities in the tank area is assessed.The fire-fighting water supply system does not meet the demand for extinguishing the fire,and the foam fire-extinguishing system could put the fire out after 46 min.No.1 fire station in accordance with 5 min principle does not meet the required number of the mobile foam gun,foam mixture liquid and the amount of cooling water for the pool fire of the tank.

关 键 词：大型原油储罐 池火灾 消防能力 FDS模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]