火灾环境下大型浮顶罐内原油热响应行为的仿真模拟  

Simulation for the Thermal Response of Crude Oil in Large Floating Roof Tank Subjected to Fire Environment

作　　者：宋文华[1] 李庆功[1,2] 冯莉莉[1] 陈阵[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津市消防总队,天津300100

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期90-94,共5页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50974096);天津市应用基础及前沿技术研究计划重点项目(10JCZDJC25000)

摘　　要：采用FLUENT软件对设定罐壁接受辐射值为25 kW/m2情况下的原油储罐进行模拟.模拟的主要结果包括油罐受热后罐内流体的温度、流速、压力的分布情况.在火灾作用下,罐内原油由于热量传递的不均匀而发生对流,靠近罐壁的流体流速较大,最大流速为0.026 439 17 m/s;油罐内罐壁附近处油温最高,可达150℃,并随指向轴线的方向逐渐降低.罐内原油受热挥发迅速,罐内压力增大,会导致罐体浮盘掀开或罐体坍塌,形成蒸气云爆炸事故与防火堤内池火灾事故,同时还伴随着发生原油沸扬事故的危险.The safety of large floating roof tank is always the focus of safety work.Once the tank area occurs fire accident,the main way of the disaster spread is heat radiation and heat shock,so the thermal response of crude oil tank which near the accident site is very important.FLUENT software was used to simulate crude oil storage tank,setting thermal radiation strength value to 25 kW/m2.The main simulation results include the temperature,flow rate and pressure distribution of the fluid in the heating oil tank.Under the action of the fire,the crude oil in tank occurs convection because of the uneven heat transfer,the fluid near the tank wall has a larger flow rate,the maximum flow rate is 0.026 439 17 m/s.The oil near the inner wall has the highest temperature which can reach about 150 ℃,and gradually decreases with the pointing direction of the axis.The crude oil in tank volatilize quickly and the pressure in tank increases.This can cause the tank floating tray open or tank collapse and it maybe form vapor cloud explosion and pool fire accident in fire embankment,and it also has a crude oil sweeping accident risk.

关 键 词：大型浮顶罐 热响应 火灾环境 FLUENT 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]