中国水电行业外国专家的作用及其影响因素分析  

Expatriates' roles and their influence factors in Chinese hydropower industry

作　　者：张畅[1] 强茂山[1] 阳波[1] 林正航[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,项目管理与建设技术研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2012年第2期258-264,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会、二滩水电开发有限责任公司雅砻江水电开发联合研究基金重点项目(50539130);国家自然科学基金(51179086)

摘　　要：中国水电建设项目以其最早实施国际项目管理模式形成特色,其中外国专家资源的有效利用是特点之一,这为项目目标的顺利实现提供了有效保障。然而外国专家在项目管理中到底发挥了哪些作用,又是哪些因素影响了这些作用的发挥成为了倍受关注的问题。本文对位于长江上的两个大型工程(三峡工程和向家坝工程)的三个管理知识领域(质量管理、机电设备安装、安全管理)的外国专家管理实践进行了调查研究,调研对象包括业主、外国专家、监理、承包商等。基于对访谈和问卷调研的数据分析表明:外国专家在我国水电工程建设项目管理中存在正、负两方面的作用。正面作用既包括与其本职工作相对应的显性作用,也包括引进外国专家带来的潜在有利影响;负面作用则主要体现在由于制度差异所带来的不利影响上。外国专家作用的有效发挥主要受制度差异等管理环境因素的影响,与此同时,还受到组织结构设计、业主的协调作用、外国专家的资质等主体因素的影响。Among the whole Chinese engineering market,hydraulic engineering is recognized the first one to introduce international project management system into its construction work as its special advantage.And an insight exploration with the help of expatriates is mentioned as an especially solid support to its successful realization of project targets.Thus what roles these expatriates play and what influences they have made become a well concentrated issue.Through case studies of the Three Gorges project and the Xiangjiaba hydropower project,a survey with samples from the clients,expatriates,consultants,contractors involved in quality management,equipment installation and safety management was conducted.The data collected through questionnaires and interviews shows that expatriates have both positive and negative effects on management of hydropower projects.The positive roles include not only the direct influences related to the expatriates＇ appointed work,but also certain potential impacts.The negative influences essentially mean some conflicts among different institutions.The roles of expatriates are affected by the institutional difference,which is actually a management environmental factor.Besides,organizational design,client＇s coordination and qualification of expatriates are all the subjective factors.

关 键 词：水电行业 外国专家 作用 影响因素 

分 类 号：TV51[水利工程—水利水电工程] F243[经济管理—劳动经济]