行政垄断、替代竞争与中国铁路运输业经济效率——基于SBM-DEA模型和面板Tobit的两阶段分析  

Administrative Monopoly,Substitutive Competition and Operational Performance Measurement of the Chinese Railway Transportation Industry

作　　者：刘秉镰[1] 刘玉海[1] 穆秀珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济与社会发展研究院,天津300071 [2]西安财经学院经济学院,西安710100

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2012年第2期33-42,共10页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"京津冀城市群区域综合性物流基地布局和政策研究"(项目编号:10BJY074)

摘　　要：中国铁路运输业是典型的行政垄断行业,同时又面临着其他运输方式日趋激烈的替代竞争。本文基于产出导向的SBM-DEA模型对中国铁路运输业在1997～2009年期间的经济效率进行了测算,并采用受限随机效应面板Tobit模型检验了各种外部环境因素对于铁路运输业经济效率的影响。效率测算结果显示,纯技术效率低下是中国铁路运输业经济效率较低的主要原因。计量回归结果显示,行业性行政垄断和旅客周转量所占比例均对铁路运输业经济效率呈现出显著的负向影响;公路路网密度和高速公路占比等替代竞争因素则呈现出显著的正相关关系;单位面积生产总值等引致需求因素和铁路路网密度等亦均呈现出显著的正向影响;2005年铁路局分拆重组改革和2008年国际金融危机冲击则分别呈现出一定程度地显著正相关和负相关影响。The Chinese railway transportation industry is the representative industry which is administrative monopoly,and at the same time the substitutive competition of other transporation appraoches is becomig more and more fierece,so it is very important to study the operational efficiency and its influencing factors of the railway transportation industry.Based on the Output-oriented SBM-DEA model,this paper measures the operational efficiency of the Chinese railway transportation industry from 1997 to 2009,and use the cencored random effect panel Tobit model to test the impact of different kinds of external factors on the operational efficiency.The findings show that,low pure technical efficiency is the main cause of the low operational efficiency of the railway industry;futhermore,all of the substitutive competiton,the induced demand and the railway network density have positive effect on the operational efficiency;however,both of the administrative monopoly and the rate of passengers-km have negative effect.

关 键 词：行政垄断 替代竞争 经济效率 铁路运输业 

分 类 号：F530.5[经济管理—产业经济]