高速公路边坡乡土灌木建植模式水土保持效益  

Soil and Water Conservation Benefit of Different Localization Shrub Mode for Highway Side Slope

作　　者：李妮[1,2] 陈其兵[1] 谭昌明[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130 [2]四川省交通运输厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第1期67-71,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技攻关支撑项目(2006BAC01A11);四川农业大学"211工程"双支计划

摘　　要：乡土植物灌木化建植是目前高速公路边坡防护的重要生态防护模式。以川中丘陵区遂资眉高速公路为例,以路线规划植物调查结果排序为基础,筛选出柏木、慈竹、黄荆、马桑3种乡土灌木和狗尾草、芒、艾3种乡土草本植物。采用人工模拟降雨试验研究不同配置模式和种植配比试验小区在恒定雨强(20mm/min)下的产流、产沙特征。结果表明,不同配置模式在恒定雨强下均表现出优于对照组的水土保持效益,产流时间推迟1′～4′05″,产沙量分别减少6.56～33.86g;各配置模式间恒定雨强降雨20min后产流产沙总量差异多表现为显著,黄荆+狗尾草模式产流产沙总量最低,分别为1 700ml和60.71g;马桑+艾产流产沙量最高,分别为1 920ml和84.02g。可见,在边坡条件、播种量等建植条件与建植措施一致的条件下,乡土灌木黄荆和狗尾草组合可显著提高高速公路边坡水土保持能力。It is principle important ecological mode in superhighway side slope protection that using localiza- tion shrubs to reconstruct plant communities. In this case, taking highway side slope in hilly areas in the cen- tral part of Sichuan province and the results of plant investigation in highway alignment as the example and foundation, three localization shrubs including N. affini, V. negundo, C. nepalensis and three herbs including S. viridis, I. lanceolatum, A. argyi were chose to plant with different mode and growth proportion. After one year, simulated rainfall experiment was set with constant precipitation （20 ram/rain） and time （20 min）. The results of feature of runoff and sediment yield indicated that, different plant furnishing modes showed significant benefit of water and soil conservation. In constant rainfall intensity, rainfall runoff duration was postponed about 1′ to 4′05″, the sediment yield reduced 6.56 g to 33.86 g. Moreover, the runoff and sediment yield of V. negundo＋S, viridis was lowest, 1 700 ml and 60.71 g respectively; the capacity of water and soil conservation of C. nepalensis＋A, argyi mode was lowest in shrub＋herb mixed modes, 1 920 ml（runoff） and 84.02 g （sediment yield） respectively. Therefore, V. negundo＋S, viridis mixed was the best local reconstruction mode and species in regard to water and soil conservation for highway side slope in hilly areas in the central part of Sichuan province, when there were same side slope condition and seed quantity.

关 键 词：高速公路边坡 乡土灌木 产流 产沙 水土保持 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]