中国城市中小学生忽视状况分析  

Analysis of state of elementary and middle school students' neglect in the city of China

作　　者：潘建平[1] 张华[1] 王飞[1] 李敏[1] 曹春红[1] 罗莎莎[1] 张松杰[1] 陈晶琦[2] 张慧颖[3] 王桂香[4] 郭蔚蔚 彭玉林 石淑华[6] 陈光虎 弋花妮[8] 傅平[9] 夏黎[10] 古桂雄[11] 俞红[12] 陆彪[13] 段志娴[13] 王应雄[14] 钟朝晖[14] 李建[15] 王琳[16] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院公共卫生系儿少卫生与妇幼保健室,陕西710061 [2]北京大学医学部儿少卫生研究所 [3]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院 [4]吉林大学第二医院 [5]河南省教委体卫艺处 [6]华中科技大学同济公共卫生学院 [7]荆州市妇幼保健院 [8]济南市妇幼保健院 [9]青岛市妇女儿童医疗保健中心 [10]南京市妇幼保健院儿童保健所 [11]苏州大学附属儿童医院 [12]佛山市妇幼保健院 [13]宁夏医学院附属医院 [14]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院 [15]贵州师范大学生命科学院 [16]遵义医学院附院预防保健科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2012年第4期385-387,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30671772)

摘　　要：目的了解中国城市中小学生忽视现状,为促进中小学生身心健康发展提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取全国12个省24个具有代表性的城市,每个城市分别按照年龄/性别等进行分层整群抽样,共调查中小学生7 398名。应用中国城市中小学生忽视评价常模评价忽视现状。结果城市中小学生忽视度、忽视率分别为45.34和28.4%,均以高中组最高,小学、初中、高中3个组间两两差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。除初中组男、女生忽视度外,其他学段忽视度、忽视率均为男生高于女生(P值均<0.05)。除情感忽视率外,其他方面忽视率、忽视度在不同学段间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);不同学段学生均在身体、情感和教育方面受到的忽视较多。学生忽视率和忽视度地区间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),均为西部最高,并呈现从西部到东部逐渐递减的趋势。城市中小学生以单亲家庭和再婚家庭忽视率较高,而核心家庭和三代同堂家庭相对较低。结论我国城市中小学生受忽视状况比较严重。家庭、学校和社会应共同关注并采取措施,以促进中小学生的身心健康发展。Objective To find out the stale of students＂ neglect in the cities of China, and to provide evidence for promoting their mental and psychological health. Methods The total of 7 398 students who were composed of three groups that were 3 859 pupils, 1 669 junior students and 1 870 senior students were multistage stratified randomly sampled from 24 cities which were representative of 12 provinces of China, in accordance with sex and age. To identify students neglect based on the Pupil and School Students Neglect Norms of China. Results The degree and frequency of urban students＂ neglect was 45.34 and 28.4% , the senior student groups were most serious for degree and frequency of urban students＂ neglect. There were significant differences among pupil, junior student and senior student groups （ P〈0.01 ）. For three groups, neglect degree and frequency of boys were more serious than girls. Except for junior students＂ neglect degree, there were significant differences in other degree and frequency of neglect between boys and girls （ P〈0.05 ）. Except for emotional neglect degree, there were significant differences in other degree and frequency of neglect among pupil, junior student and senior student groups （ P〈0.05 ）. Three groups of students suffered more neglect in physical, emotional and educational neglect. For area distribution, there were significant differences in degree and frequency of neglect among pupil, junior student and senior student groups （P〈0.05）. The degree and frequency of neglect in west was highest. From west to east, they presented gradually decreasing trend. For three groups of students, the highest neglect degree happened in single-parent families and in remarried families, lowest in core family and large family with three generations. Conclusion The status of urban students neglect is serious. Family, school and the whole society should be co-opera- ted to promote the students＂ development.

关 键 词：虐待儿童 精神卫生 对比研究 学生 城市 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R395.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]