“推定”和“视为”之语词解读?——以我国现行民事法律规范为样本  

Interpretation on "Presumption" and "Being Regarded As":Analysis on the Existing Civil Legal Rules in China

作　　者：张海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2012年第3期104-116,共13页Law and Social Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"民事诉讼案件事实认定机制研究"(10YJC820151)

摘　　要：立法层面观察,"推定"和"视为"语词频繁适用于我国法律规范中。学界和实务界普遍认为两语词表达的分别是法律推定和法律拟制制度。然而,以我国现行民事法律规范为样本进行分析,却发现"推定"和"视为"语词并非与法律推定和法律拟制相对应:"推定"大多表达法律推定,但也表达法律拟制和注意规定;"视为"大多表达法律拟制,但也表达推定制度和注意规定。立法层面法律推定、法律拟制和注意规定语词适用的混乱状态必将导致司法层面对于"推定"和"视为"语词的解读困境。因此,应当在厘清法律推定、法律拟制和注意规定本质的基础上,用统一、明确的语词进行相应的制度表达。From the legislative perspective,＂presumption＂ and ＂being regarded as＂ are often applied in the legal rules in China.Many people think that they respectively indicate the system of legal presumption and legal fiction.However,basing on the analysis of the existing civil legal rules in China,we can find that ＂presumption＂ and ＂being regarded as＂ are not corresponding with legal presumption and legal fiction： ＂presumption＂ mostly indicates legal presumption,but also expresses legal fiction and suggestive regulation,and,＂being regarded as＂ mostly indicates legal fiction,but also expresses legal presumption and suggestive regulation.The legislative troubled waters of words choice when indicating legal presumption,legal fiction and suggestive regulation must lead to the judicatory plight when interpreting ＂presumption＂ and ＂being regarded as＂.Therefore,when clearing the nature of legal presumption,legal fiction and suggestive regulation,these systems should be indicated by the uniform and specific words.

关 键 词：“推定” “视为” 法律推定 法律拟制 注意规定 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]