利用TRMM卫星资料对青藏高原地区强对流天气特征分析  

Characteristic Analysis of a Severe Convective Weather over Tibetan Plateau Based on TRMM Data

作　　者：李典[1] 白爱娟[1,2] 黄盛军 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程学院大气科学学院,四川成都610225 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,陕西西安710075 [3]民航云南空管分局,云南昆明650200

出　　处：《高原气象》2012年第2期304-311,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40975020);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC30B05-4)共同资助

摘　　要：利用热带测雨卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measure Mission)多种探测结果,结合NCEP再分析资料,研究了发生在青藏高原地区的一次强对流天气特征,综合分析了高原地区对流云特殊的水平、垂直结构特征。结果表明:(1)该强对流降水系统由几个孤立、零散的块状降水云团组成,以深厚弱对流降水为主,微波亮温的低值区也呈孤立、零散的块状分布,并且整个对流系统的云顶高度一致偏高,深厚强对流降水的雨谱主要集中在1～20mm.h-1的范围内,90%以上的深厚弱对流降水样本数和降水量都集中在0～5mm.h-1范围内,在垂直方向上呈被"挤压"状态。除云冰粒子集中在6～18km高度外,可降冰、可降水和云水粒子都集中在低层8km以下,冰雹天气表现为可降冰粒子在低层含量偏高。(2)高原地区强对流天气的特征与其他地方的不同,表现为雨强较小,比平原地区明显偏弱,且对流云降雨样本在不同降雨率范围内分布不均匀,降水云团雨顶高度也远低于平原地区的对流云,地表降水率大值区与微波辐射亮温低值区呈不完全对称分布,潜热释放呈单峰型。(3)高原地区强对流系统发生时,垂直上升运动在400hPa达到最大,水汽主要集中在400hPa高度以下的范围内。In order to explore the horizontal and vertical structures of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau（TP）,the characteristics of the severe convective weather such as hail and thunderstorms were studied using TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measure Mission） satellite and NCEP data.The results showed that：（1） The cloud causing the severe convective precipitation consisted of some isolated and scattered cells,and the weak deep convective cloud cell was the predominant type.At the same time,the center of low microwave temperature appeared to be isolated and scattered.Spectrum distributions of the deep convective precipitation mainly occurred in 1~20 mm·h-1,the sample and precipitation more than 90% for the week convective precipitation concentrated in 0~5 mm·h-1.The convective clouds were compressed vertically.Cloud-ice particles were concentrated at the level of 6~18 km,but precipitation-ice,precipitation-water and cloud-water particles were concentrated below 8 km.The hail and thunderstorms over TP performance for much precipitation-ice particles in low troposphere.（2） Comparing with the severe convective over other plain region,the convective clouds over TP had smaller or weaker precipitation rate,the heterogeneous sample distribution and shorter storm height.It was not symmetrical distribution between the high precipitation rate and the low microwave temperature.Latent heat release appeared to be single-peak type.（3） When the severe convective system occurred,the vertical speed can get its maximum on 400 hPa and water vapor was concentrated mainly below 400 hPa.

关 键 词：青藏高原 TRMM卫星 强对流天气 水平和垂直结构 

分 类 号：P458.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]