哈尔滨气温的长期变化及基本态特征  

Characteristics of Secular Change and Base State of Temperature in Harbin

作　　者：王永波[1] 张治[1] 周秀杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象服务中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150036 [2]黑龙江省气象信息中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150010

出　　处：《高原气象》2012年第2期492-497,共6页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技公关计划项目(2006AA9CS145-2)资助

摘　　要：利用1881—2009年的气温观测资料,研究了哈尔滨年及四季平均气温的气候基本态和气候变率特征。结果表明,20世纪80年代以来哈尔滨夏季气温变化的异常程度显著增加。在冬季,近期哈尔滨气温处于暖背景及小变率的时段,反映了哈尔滨很长时间内大多数年份还将维持暖冬天气。近49年哈尔滨平均气温、平均最高(低)气温和平均日较差的时间变化特征显示,哈尔滨的年及四季平均气温都呈上升趋势,冬季增暖幅度最大;最高(低)气温变化趋势与平均气温一致,但无论年及四季,平均最高气温的变化速率都小于平均气温,平均最低气温的变化速率都大于平均气温。Based on the temperature data in Harbin from 1881 to 2009,the climate base state of seasonal and annual mean temperatures and its climate variability features have been examined.The results indicate that the summer temperature anomaly subsequent after the 1980s is significant increase.The lower wintertime temperature variability in the recent warm background shows that a period of warm winter persistence is likely in most years in Harbin.The change characteristics of mean temperature and mean maximum（minimum） temperature as well as the daily temperature range in Harbin in recent 49 years have been analyzed.The result shows the seasonal and annual mean temperatures have remarkably increased in Harbin in recent 49 years,with the most obvious warming occurring in winter.The mean maximum（minimum） temperature has increased in all season,generally,increase in mean minimum temperature is more dominant that of mean temperature and increase in mean temperature is more dominant that of mean maximum temperature.

关 键 词：温度变化 哈尔滨 气候基本态 气候变率 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]