秸秆还田配施化肥及微生物菌剂对水田土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响  

Effects of returning rice straw to fields with fertilizers and microorganism liquids on soil enzyme activities and microorganisms in paddy fields

作　　者：钱海燕[1,2,3] 杨滨娟[4] 黄国勤[4] 严玉平[2] 樊哲文[2] 方豫[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]江西省山江湖开发治理委员会办公室,江西南昌330046 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2012年第3期440-445,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：江西省科技支撑计划项目(2009BNA09300);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B14);国际科技合作专项(010S2012ZR0219)

摘　　要：土壤微生物学特性是表征土壤质量的重要生物学指标。通过田间试验研究了秸秆还田配施不同配比化肥及微生物菌剂对水田土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响。结果表明,与单施秸秆相比,秸秆还田配施N、P、K及微生物菌剂后,土壤过氧化氢酶、转化酶和尿酶活性分别提高了37.5%~68.8%、32.3%~61.5%和48.8%~102%,细菌和真菌数量分别提高了95.3%~174%、286%~351%,放线菌数量减少了34.5%~39.4%,差异显著。统计分析显示,土壤过氧化氢酶与尿酶活性之间及其酶活性与微生物数量之间关系密切。氨化细菌和硝化细菌数量主要控制土壤过氧化氢酶活性,真菌数量是转化酶活性的主要影响因素,而尿酶活性主要受细菌数量影响。秸秆还田配施微生物菌剂及平衡施肥可以促进酶活性的增强,使土壤微生物群落物种个体数增加更多,分布更为均匀。过量施用氮肥会抑制土壤酶活性和微生物的生长和繁殖。Paddy rice straw is widely used to improve soil fertility in China by returning it back to the fields after harvest.However,the straw’s nutrients need a long time to be plant available.This paper examined how to accelerate the nutrients transformation to be plant available within a short period of time.In particular,the paper studied the causal connection between returning straw to fields with varying application of fertilizers and microorganism liquids on soil enzyme activities and the number of microorganisms in paddy fields.The investigation has been carried out in Experiment Base of Jiangxi Agriculture University,Nanchang,Jiangxi Province.Surface soil samples were collected from paddy fields.The experiment included eight components ranging from straw purely,straw with N-fertilizer,straw with compound fertilizer,and straw with microorganism liquids.In detail,the following fertilizer applications have been used：（1） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1,（2） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1with Nitrogen 150 kg.hm-2.a-1,（3） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1with N 225 kg.hm-2.a-1,（4） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1 with P2O5 75 kg.hm-2.a-1,（5） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1 with P2O5112.5 kg.hm-2.a-1,（6） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1 with N 150 kg.hm-2.a-1,P2O5 75 kg.hm-2.a-1,and K2O 37.5 kg.hm-2.a-1,（7） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1 with N 225 kg.hm-2.a-1,P2O5 112.5 kg.hm-2.a-1,and K2O 56.3 kg.hm-2.a-1,（8） straw 3 000 kg.hm-2.a-1with microorganism liquids 15 L.hm-2.a-1.The relationship between soil enzyme activities and microorganisms were determined by multivariate statistical analysis.In contrast to returning straw only to the field（treatment 1）,the results showed that combined application of straw with NPK fertilizers and microorganism liquids increased soil catalase（37.5%-68.8%）,invertase（32.3%-61.5%）,urease activities（48.8%-102%） significantly.Furthermore,the population of both,bacteria and fungi in soil rose by 95.3%-174% and 286%-351%,respectively,while the population of actinomycetes decreased by 34.5%-39.4%.Soil

关 键 词：秸秆还田 微生物菌剂 酶活性 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]