临床病原菌的年度分布及耐药分析  

Annual distribution of clinical pathogens and drug resistance analysis

作　　者：阳竞 

机构地区：[1]遂宁市第一人民医院医院感染管理科,四川遂宁629000

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2012年第8期1147-1148,1150,共3页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

摘　　要：目的对7419株临床病原菌进行年度分布及耐药分析,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法采用ATB细菌鉴定分析统计软件对2008～2011年7419株临床病原菌进行分析,主要观察病原菌年度检出率、病原菌种类、比例及耐药情况。结果送检标本病原菌检出率为68.2%,各年度无明显变化。革兰阳性球菌占27.5%,各年度呈降低趋势;革兰阴性杆菌占52.8%,各年度呈升高趋势;真菌各年度无明显变化。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、肺炎链球菌、阴沟肠杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌为最主要的5种病原菌,其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌百分率呈升高趋势,肺炎链球菌百分率呈降低趋势。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)及耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRSCN)呈升高趋势。铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率呈升高趋势。结论革兰阴性杆菌比例呈升高趋势,耐药率升高,应合理选用抗菌药物,减少耐药细菌的产生或延缓其发展。Objective To analyze the annual distribution and drug resistance of 7 419 strains of clinical pathogens to provide the basis for the clinical application of antibiotics.Methods The statistical software of ATB bacteria identification analyzer was used to analyze 7 419 strains of clinical pathogens from 2008 to 2011.The main observations were annual pathogens detection rate,pathogens types,and resistant of pathogens.Results The pathogen detection rate to the specimens was 68.2% without significant annual changes.Gram-positive cocci accounted for 27.5% each year with a decreasing trend.Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 52.8% showing an increasing trend.Fungi proportion did not have significant annual change.Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,Haemophilus influenzae were the most popular pathogens.Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria had increasing trend,while Streptococcus pneumonia had a decreasing trend.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA） and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci（MRSCN） showed an increasing trend.Imipenem resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter baumannii showed an increasing trend.Conclusion The proportion of Gram-negative bacilli shows an increasing trend and the drug resistance rates are increased.Antibiotics should be rationally used for reducing the occurrence of resistant bacteria or retard their development.

关 键 词：革兰阳性球菌 革兰阴性杆菌 抗菌药 药物耐受性 微生物敏感性试验 

分 类 号：R915[医药卫生—微生物与生化药学]