空间飞行器冷屏防霜结构  

Anti-frost structure for the cryogenic shield of spacecraft

作　　者：陈叔平[1] 谭风光[1] 吴睿[1] 吴北民[1] 谢福寿[1] 温永刚[2] 陈光奇[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州物理研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2012年第4期853-857,共5页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：真空低温技术与物理国防科技重点实验室基金项目(9140C550803080C55)

摘　　要：空间飞行器冷屏是一种包裹在高速飞行器外的基于相变制冷的装置,可以降低高速飞行器在太空飞行时的红外辐射特性。冷屏在发射前需要进行低温制冷剂加注。如果没有保护装置,在地面加注时会引起冷屏表面严重结霜,恶化冷屏表面红外辐射特性。设计了一种由保温层和氮气保护层组成的防霜结构。氮气保护层利用氮气在低温下不易凝结的特性,保护冷屏外壳使不结霜;保温层利用保温材料的热阻特性,使保温层外壁温度在当地露点温度以上,从而防止空气中水蒸气在保温层外壁凝结。建立了氮气保护气填充速度随时间变化的关系式。实验表明,冷屏表面和保温层外壳均实现了零结霜,取得了很好的防霜效果。The cryogenic shield of spacecraft is a device used to wrap the high-speed spacecraft up based on phase-change refrigeration.It can reduce the infrared radiation of the spacecraft flying in space.Before launching,the cryogenic shield needs to be filled up with low-temperature refrigerant.Without a frost prevention device,the filling process of liquid low-temperature refrigerant on the ground would cause severe frosting on the surface of the cryogenic shield so as to weaken its resistance to infrared radiation.An anti-frost structure was devised,which were made up by nitrogen protection layer and thermal insulation.For nitrogen does not easily congeal at low-temperature,it can protect the cryogenic shield from frosting.And the thermal insulation made of insulation materials has large thermal resistance,so it can make sure that the outside temperature of thermal insulation is above the local dew point and the vapor in the atmospheric environment will not congeal on the outside surface of the thermal insulation.Meanwhile the function relation of filling speed of protection gas with time was deduced.The experiment shows that there is no frost on the surface of the cryogenic shield and the thermal insulation,and the anti-frost structure is effective.

关 键 词：冷屏 防霜结构 飞行器 氮气保护 

分 类 号：TB69[一般工业技术—制冷工程]