5种浮床植物在水环境恢复治理中的净化差异  

A COMPARISON OF THE PURIFICATION CAPACITY OF FIVE PLANT TYPES CULTIVATED ON FLOATING-BED FOR RESTORATION OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：李文芬[1] 刘沛芬[1] 颜亨梅[1] 付秀芹[2] 汪波[1] 许华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学珠海分校工程技术学院,广东珠海519085 [2]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第2期173-176,共4页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：北京师范大学珠海分校基金资助项目(200903)

摘　　要：选取美人蕉(Canna indica)、芦苇(Phragmites communis Trirn)、水葱(Scirpus validus Vahl)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipe)水芹菜(Oenanthe javanica)5种珠海当地常见植物作为研究对象,构建珠海珠武涌水体富营养化治理生态浮床,对5种植物在富营养化水体中的生长特性,化学需氧量(COD),氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)质量浓度等指标间的差异进行比较研究.结果表明,株高从大至小排序为:水葱、芦苇、美人蕉、水芹菜、凤眼莲;质量增加从大至小排序为:芦苇、美人蕉、凤眼莲、水芹菜、水葱;根毛增长从大至小排序为:芦苇、水葱、水芹菜、美人蕉、凤眼莲.5种植物对水体中的COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的吸收能力差异显著,单位面积COD去除率高低排序为美人蕉、凤眼莲、芦苇、水葱、水芹菜;单位面积NH3-N去除率高低排序为美人蕉、芦苇、凤眼莲、水葱、水芹菜;单位面积氮吸收量大小排序和单位面积磷吸收量大小排序都为美人蕉、凤眼莲、芦苇、水芹菜、水葱.综合实验结果,确定采用美人蕉为主,芦苇为辅,再加上少量水葱、水芹菜作衬托来净化河涌水体.Five types of local plants （canna, reed, water onion, water hyacinth, water celery） were chosen to construct ecological floating-beds for eutrophication control at Zhuhai Pearl Wu Chung. Differences in plant growth, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia （NH3-N）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） in eutrophic water were compared. It was found that the order of height was Scirpus validus Vahl〉Phragmites communis Trirn 〉 Canna indica 〉 Oenanthe javanica 〉 Eichhornia crassipe, order of weight gain was Phragmites communis Trirn 〉 Canna indica 〉 Eichhornia crassipe 〉 Oenanthe javanica 〉 Scirpus validus Vahl, order for root hair growth was Phragmites communis Trirn 〉 Scirpus validus Vahl 〉 Oenanthe javanica〉Canna indica 〉Scirpus validus Vahl, whereas the order for root hair growth was Phragmites communis Trirn 〉 Scirpus validus Vahl 〉Oenanthe javanica 〉Canna indica 〉 Eichhornia crassi pe. Significant differences in absorption of COD, NHa-N, TN, TP were found among these five species. Rate of COD removal per unit area was ranked in the following order： Canna indica 〉Eichhornia crassipe〉Phragmites communis Trirn〉Scirpus validus Vahl〉Oenanthe javanica. NH3-N removal rate per unit area was Canna indica Phragrnites communis Trirn 〉 Eichhornia crassipe 〉 Scirpus validus Vahl 〉 Oenanthe javanica. Nitrogen absorption per unit area was Canna indica 〉 Eichhornia crassipe 〉 Phragrnites communis Trirn 〉 Oenanthe javanica〉Scirpus validus Vahl. Nitrogen and phosphate uptake rates showed the same rank order. It was determined that for creek water purification, canna can be used as the major plant, with reed as a supplement, together with small portions of water onion and water celery.

关 键 词：生态浮床 生长特性 美人蕉 水体净化 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]