Polyploid organisms  

作　　者：SONG Can LIU ShaoJun XIAO Jun HE WeiGuo ZHOU Yi QIN QinBo ZHANG Chun LIU Yun 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

出　　处：《Science China(Life Sciences)》2012年第4期301-311,共11页中国科学（生命科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2011AA100403);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30930071);the National Special Fund for Scientific Research in Public Benefits (Grant No. 200903046);the Specially-appointed Professor for Lotus Scholars Program of Hunan Province (Grant No. 080648);the Doctoral Fund Priority Development Area (Grant No. 20114306130001)

摘　　要：Polyploids are organisms with three or more complete chromosome sets. Polyploidization is widespread in plants and animals, and is an important mechanism of speciation. Genome sequencing and related molecular systematics and bioinformatics studies on plants and animals in recent years support the view that species have been shaped by whole genome duplication during evolution. The stability of polyploids depends on rapid genome recombination and changes in gene expression after formation. The formation of polyploids and subsequent diploidization are important aspects in long-term evolution. Polyploids can be formed in various ways. Among them, hybrid organisms formed by distant hybridization could produce unreduced gametes and thus generate offspring with doubled chromosomes, which is a fast, efficient method of polyploidization. The formation of fertile polyploids not only promoted the interflow of genetic materials among species and enriched the species diversity, but also laid the foundation for polyploidy breeding. The study of polyploids has both important theoretical significance and valuable applications. The production and application of polyploidy breeding have brought remarkable economic and social benefits.Polyploids are organisms with three or more complete chromosome sets. Polyploidization is widespread in plants and animals, and is an important mechanism of speciation. Genome sequencing and related molecular systematics and bioinformatics stud- ies on plants and animals in recent years support the view that species have been shaped by whole genome duplication during evolution. The stability of polyploids depends on rapid genome recombination and changes in gene expression after formation. The formation of polyploids and subsequent diploidization are important aspects in long-term evolution. Polyploids can be formed in various ways. Among them, hybrid organisms formed by distant hybridization could produce unreduced gametes and thus generate offspring with doubled chromosomes, which is a fast, efficient method of polyploidization. The formation of fertile polyploids not only promoted the interflow of genetic materials among species and enriched the species diversity, but also laid the foundation for polyploidy breeding. The study of polyploids has both important theoretical significance and valuable ap- plications. The production and application of polyploidy breeding have brought remarkable economic and social benefits.

关 键 词：POLYPLOID whole genome duplication DIPLOIDIZATION distant hybridization polyploidy breeding 

分 类 号：Q987[生物学—遗传学] S63[生物学—人类学]