深松覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量和水分利用率的影响  

Effects on Winter Wheat Yield and Water Using Efficiency on Dryland under Long-term Subsoiling and Mulch Tillage

作　　者：姚宇卿[1,2] 吕军杰 张洁 李俊红 丁志强 吴剑锋 杨妮娜 蔡典雄[2] 吴会军[2] 于新峰 

机构地区：[1]洛阳农林科学院,河南洛阳471024 [2]中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地,河南洛阳471024 [3]洛阳市饲料兽药(动物产品)质量检测中心,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2012年第4期20-24,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国与比利时国际合作项目(13v33498);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2004BA520-6);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD88B02)

摘　　要：1999-2009年在洛阳孟津试验场内,设置深松覆盖、传统耕作(对照)2个处理,利用长期定位试验及气象观测设备,研究深松覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量及水分利用率的影响。结果表明:(1)豫西地区干旱程度正在加剧,年平均降雨量546.7mm,与常年平均相比减少了7.95%。(2)深松覆盖在所有年份均表现增产,10a间平均增产8.67%,增产幅度为4.9%～20.87%,干旱年份增产幅度更大。(3)深松覆盖能显著提高降水贮蓄率,10a间深松覆盖降水贮蓄率在37.5%～75.0%,平均54.9%,传统耕作降水贮藏率在22.9%～64.8%,平均46.2%,深松覆盖较传统耕作平均提高22.13%。(4)深松覆盖可有效提高土壤水分利用效率,干旱年份水分利用效率较高,提高的幅度更大,10a间降水利用效率平均提高4.73%。Winter wheat yield and water using efficiency under subsoiling and mulch tillage treatment were studied in Mengjin experiment station form 1999 to 2009.The results showed as follows：（1）Drought was increasing,and the average annual rainfall was 546.7mm,decreased by 7.95% compared with the average value in usual years.（2） The winter wheat yield under subsoiling and mulch tillage treatment showed increase in 10 years,increasing by 8.67% averagely,with range of 4.9%-20.87%.It increased more significantly in dry years.（3） The rainfall storage could be significantly improved,from 22.9%-64.8% of traditional farming to 37.5%-75.0% of subsoiling and mulch tillage,with 22.13% increased averagely.（4） Subsoiling and mulch tillage could effectively improve soil water use efficiency,especially in drought years,and the average precipitation use efficiency increased by 4.73% in 10 years.

关 键 词：深松覆盖 旱地冬小麦 产量 降水贮蓄率 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]