2006～2010年北京市海淀区中小学校及托幼机构水痘暴发疫情流行病学分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks among children in primary and middle schools and kindergartens in Haidian district, Beijing, 2006 - 2010

作　　者：富继业[1] 孙培源[1] 史如晶[1] 马天薇[1] 徐若辉[1] 汪侠[1] 刘洪喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,100094

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2012年第2期80-83,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市海淀区中小学校和托幼机构水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征,探讨水痘暴发原因,更有效地控制水痘暴发流行。方法利用描述流行病学方法,根据国家疾病监测报告管理系统,对海淀区2006～2010年报告的中小学校和托幼机构水痘暴发疫情资料进行分析。结果海淀区2006～2010年共报告中小学校和托幼机构水痘暴发疫情31起,累计发病405例,无死亡病例;小学水痘暴发疫情21起占67.74%,5～9岁儿童占69.88%,暴发时间主要集中在4、5月;暴发病例中有水痘疫苗明确免疫史的181起占44.69%,无免疫史的198起占48.89%,免疫史不详的26起占6.42%。结论控制水痘暴发的重点是小学,须采取有针对性的措施,完善水痘疫情监测;发生水痘疫情后应急免疫可控制水痘流行。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks among primary and middle schools and kindergartens in Haidian District of Beijing, 2006 - 2010, therefore to explore the reasons of disease outbreak and effectively control it. Methods The data collected from National Notifiable Disease Reporting System （NNDRS） was analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method. Results There were 31 varicella outbreaks involving 405 cases （without death） occurred in primary and middle schools and kindergartens in Haidian District during the study period. There were 21 （67.74%） outbreaks occurred in primary schools. Among all cases, most of them occurred in April and May, and totally 69.88% cases were 5 to 9 years old children. There were 181（44.69% ） cases had received one dose of attenuated varieella vaccine （VarV） before, and 198 （48.89%） were not received VarV. However, the vaccination history of 26（6.42% ） cases was unknown. Conclusion The primary school students were target population in varicella outbreaks controlling. Specific measures should be taken to improve the performance of varicella surveillance. Emergency VarV vaccination was effective against disease outbreak.

关 键 词：水痘 水痘暴发 应急免疫 流行病学 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]