河套灌区节水抗旱玉米品种田间鉴选  

EVALUATING AND SELECTING WATER SAVING AND DROUGHT RESISTANCE VARIETIES OF CORN IN HETAO IRRIGATION DISTRICT

作　　者：伊卫东[1] 韩开明[1] 张永平[1] 关文雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期61-67,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960184);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2007BAD88B04);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(20080404MS0304)

摘　　要：在节水灌溉和常规充分灌溉条件下,对20个北方玉米主产区品种的形态及生理指标、产量形成、水分利用等进行了系统测定,并比较了相关抗旱节水性能评价指标。结果表明,节水灌溉条件下,多数品种的产量和水分利用效率(WUE)表现一般,通过隶属函数法筛选出5个经济产量和WUE都表现较好的玉米品种并进行田间验证。以WUE和抗旱指数综合评价证明,郑单958、内单314和科河10号3个品种的节水抗旱性能均优于对照品种益丰29号和潞玉13号,适宜在内蒙古河套灌区引进推广。抗旱指数及其修订式与2水处理下的产量和水分利用效率均呈极显著正相关,是筛选节水抗旱玉米品种的有效指标。节水、抗旱、高产玉米品种的共同特征是株高中等、茎秆粗壮、穗位较低、单株叶面积较大;叶片叶绿素含量较高,光合速率和水分利用效率均较高;穗型中等、粒重较大,且单位面积穗数多等。The morphological and physiological characters, yield formation, water use efficiency （WUE） of 20 corn varieties planted in northern corn region were studied systematically under water - saving irrigation and conventional sutffcient irrigation conditions. The different drought - resistance and water - saving indices were compared at the same time. The results showed that both the yield forma- tion and WUE in most varieties were ordinary under water saving irrigation condition, five corn varieties were selected through the de- pendence function analysis for their better economic yield and WUE. Through the drought - resistant index （DRI） and WUE evalua- tion, the drought -resistant performance of Zbengdan958, Neidan314 and Kehel0 were better than that of Yifeng29 and Luyu13. Three of these were drought - resistance, water - saving and high - yielding corn varieties, which could be introduced to plant in Hetao irriga- tion region ~ Inner Mongolia. The drought - resistant index of corn varieties are correlated positively with economic yield and WUE, therefore DR[ is an effective way to select the drought - resistance and water - saving corn variety. The main characteristic of drought - resistance, water - saving and high yield corn variety are 1 ） the medium plant height, thicker stalk and bigger leaves area of single plant; 2） higher SPAD value, photosynthetic efficiency and WUE of leaf blade; 3 ） the medium corn ear, high grains weight and major number of ears ~er unit area etc.

关 键 词：玉米 节水 抗旱 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S513.034[农业科学—作物学]