外来植物仔簕树生理生态特性的季节变化  

Seasonal changes of the eco-physiological characteristics of alien plant Mimosa bimucronata

作　　者：缪绅裕[1] 李德宁[1] 陶文琴[1] 王厚麟[1] 陈健辉[1] 邓鸿英[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《广州大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第2期27-35,共9页Journal of Guangzhou University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：广州市属高校科技计划项目(08C032)资助

摘　　要：为研究外来入侵植物簕仔树Mimosa bimucronata在广州的生态适应性,以便为防治其生态危害提供科学依据.利用便携式光合-蒸腾仪于广州白云山对簕仔树和3种本地植物(阳性树种木荷Schima superba、阴性树种阴香Cinnamomum burmannii和九节Psychotria rubra)的活体叶片进行1年内不同季节的生理生态特性测定.结果显示:4个季节的簕仔树日均净光合速率(以CO2计)分别为0.22、1.00、1.94和1.62μmol.m-2.s-1;低光照时,簕仔树净光合速率低,光照强时净光合速率较高,九节和阴香的净光合速率较大,木荷最低.簕仔树4个季节的日均呼吸速率(以CO2计)分别为0.28、0.32、0.65和0.45μmol.m-2.s-1,均高于其它3种植物.4种植物中,簕仔树的蒸腾速率变幅最大,4个季节日均蒸腾速率(以H2O计)分别为0.01、0.07、0.24和0.06μmol.m-2.s-1,秋季最高.簕仔树的水分利用效率在干旱的冬季最大,表现出比本地植物更抗旱.在群落内部的低光照下,与本地物种相比,簕仔树在有机质积累上未见优势,但在高光照条件下,具有较高的净光合速率,且在干旱季节的水分利用效率更具潜力,可考虑生境遮蔽或提高水分来降低其生长速率.To reveal the ecological adaptability of an alien invasive plant Mimosa bimucronata in Guangzhou,China,and to reduce the ecological damage of this plant,some leaf eco-physiological characteristics in vitro of M.bimucronata and three local native species（Schima superba,Cinnamomum burmannii,and Psychotria rubra） were determined in a year of different seasons by using the Portable Simultaneously and Respiration System.Results showed that the daily mean net photosynthetic rates（calculated by CO2） of the M.bimucronata in four seasons were 0.22,1.00,1.94,and 1.62 μmol·m-2·s-1,respectively.M.bimucronata had a relative low net photosynthetic rate under conditions of lower photosynthetic available radiation,but it had a relative higher net photosynthetic rate under conditions of higher photosynthetic available radiation;Psychotria rubra and Cinnamomum burmannii had a relative higher net photosynthetic rate,Schima superba net photosynthetic rate was the lowest among the four species.M.bimucronata had a high respiration rate,the daily mean respiration rates（calculated by CO2） in four seasons were 0.28,0.32,0.65,and 0.45 μmol·m-2·s-1,respectively,and were higher than those of three local native species.Among the four plant species,the changes of leaf transpire rates were larger for M.bimucronata,daily mean transpiration rates（calculated by H2O） were 0.01,0.07,0.24,and 0.06 μmol·m-2·s-1,determined in four different seasons and was highest in winter which was driest in a year.This indicated that M.bimucronata had more potential to drought stress in winter.Competing with the three local native species,M.bimucronata has no obvious advantage in accumulation of organic matters under the condition of lower sunlight in a plant community environment,but has a higher net photosynthetic rate under a high sunlight,and also more efficiency for water usage in relative dry season.By using shaded method and enhancing the water contents in habitat,the growth rate of M.bimucronata could be reduced.

关 键 词：簕仔树 外来入侵植物 光合速率 呼吸速率 蒸腾速率 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]