不同生育时期根际加气对温室番茄生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Rhizosphere Ventilation at Different Growth Stages on Plant Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato

作　　者：卢泽华[1] 蔡焕杰[1,2] 王健[1] 李志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点试验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第7期1330-1337,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50779059);国家自然科学基金重点项目(50939005);西北农林科技大学留学人员科研项目(Z111020909)

摘　　要：【目的】针对地下滴灌中作物根系集中在滴头周围出现的缺氧问题,在不同生育时期对其进行加气处理,对其效果进行评价。【方法】设置苗期、开花期、坐果期、成熟期以及全生育时期加气5种处理,以不加气为对照,研究不同生育时期根际加气对番茄生长及产量的影响。【结果】不同生育时期加气处理均对番茄生长有促进作用,但加气效果不具有叠加性,即单独生育时期加气效果较全生育时期加气处理明显;相对于对照,苗期加气处理可提前首层开花时间;全生育时期加气处理可以提高叶绿素含量11.1%;开花后加气处理也可提前二、三层开花时间,并增高14.8%;坐果期加气处理可以促进干物质累积,提高根冠比,增粗5.6%,获得最大产量。【结论】地下滴灌条件下番茄在不同生育时期对根际加气的响应不同,在土条件下最佳加气时期为坐果期。【Objective】By the fact that water is continuously emitted,the root zone of tomato in subsurface drip irrigation is purged of water and therefore experiences insufficient oxygen deficiency,an experiment was conducted to observe the effect of rhizosphere ventilation at different stages on plant growth and yield of greenhouse tomato,and assess its significance.【Method】By comparison with the control group,this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rhizosphere ventilation at different growth stages on the growth,physiological characteristics and yield of tomato grown in greenhouse.【Result】 Results showed that all of different rhizosphere ventilation treatments could raise tomato＇s growth and yield,and the aeration effect was not superimposed at different growth stages.Aeration at seedling stage could advance the first layer flowering time,and the second and third layer flowering time could be also advanced by the aeration at flowering stage,and also could rise the plant height by 14.8%.The whole growing stages ventilation processing improved chlorophyll by 11.1%.The aeration at fruit-setting stage could improve the plant diameter by 5.6%,thus it could promote dry matter accumulation,improve root/shoot ratio and yield.【Conclusion】Tomato at different growth stages with underground drip irrigation shows different responses to the rhizosphere ventilation,and the optimum aeration period of tomato is fruit-setting stage.

关 键 词：地下滴灌 番茄 根际加气 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]