间套作提高农田水分利用效率的节水机理  

Water-saving mechanisms of intercropping system in improving cropland water use efficiency

作　　者：张凤云[1,2,3] 吴普特[1,2] 赵西宁 成雪峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]菏泽学院资源与环境系,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2012年第5期1400-1406,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B09);教育部引智项目(111-2-16);国家自然科学基金项目(50809055);菏泽学院基金项目(XY08ZW01;XYJJKT-7);山东省教育厅项目(J07WJ54)资助

摘　　要：综合国内外多学科的研究成果,从地表水向土壤水的转化效率、农田水分的有效性、植物冠层结构、灌溉用水量和作物产量等方面,论述了间套作提高农田水分利用效率的节水机理.结果表明:间套作能够促进植物根系对农田水分的充分利用,有利于增加根层土壤的贮水量;间套作一方面减小棵间蒸发、抑制无效蒸腾,另一方面优化作物系统的源-库关系,创造出有利于植物生长发育的小气候,为资源在时间和空间上的集约利用和高产打好基础,在不增加农田灌溉水的同时大幅度提高单位面积产量,促进作物水分利用效率明显提高.Based on the multi-disciplinary researches, and in terms of the transformation efficiency of surface water to soil water, availability of cropland soil water, crop canopy structure, total irriga- tion volume needed on a given area, and crop yield, this paper discussed the water-saving mecha- nisms of intercropping system in improving cropland water use efficiency. Intercropping system could promote the full use of cropIand water by plant roots, increase the water storage in root zone, reduce the inter-row evaporation and control excessive transpiration, and create a special microcli- mate advantageous to the plant growth and development. In addition, intercropping system could optimize source-sink relationship, provide a sound foundation for intensively utilizing resources tem- porally and spatially, and increase the crop yield per unit area greatly without increase of water con- sumption, so as to promote the crop water use efficiency effectively.

关 键 词：间套作 农田 水分利用效率 节水机理 资源利用 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]