中国儿童健康状况与医疗保健服务利用变化趋势  

Trend analysis on children′s health status and healthcare services utilization in China

作　　者：于雁[1] 林爱琴[1] 李妍婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州铁路职业技术学院护理学院,河南郑州453000 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2012年第14期2085-2088,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的:系统描述1990～2009年中国5岁以下儿童健康状况和卫生保健服务利用的变化趋势与城乡差异。方法:利用1993年、1998年、2003年、2008年4次国家卫生服务调查和《2010年中国卫生统计年鉴》有关数据,分地区和年份分析儿童健康与医疗保健状况。结果:1993～2008年婴儿低出生体重比例从3.4%下降到2.7%,5岁以下儿童两周患病率从20.0%下降到17.4%;儿童计划免疫建卡比例从61.5%上升到97.9%,5岁以下儿童两周患病就诊率从31.0%上升到97.0%。新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别从1991年的33.1‰、50.2‰和61.0‰下降到2009年的9.0‰、13.8‰和17.2‰,但这三大指标农村仍分别为城市的2.4、2.7和2.8倍;3岁以下儿童系统管理率从1990年的46.3%上升到2009年的77.2%。结论:在过去近20年里,中国儿童健康状况显著改善,城乡差距不断缩小,但受制于地区间社会经济发展不平衡,儿童健康状况和卫生保健服务利用的不公平性仍然存在。应将农村地区和城市流动妇女和儿童作为重点干预对象,实施有效的妇幼保健服务项目,以进一步提高我国儿童健康水平。Objective：To describe the changes of health status and healthcare services utilization of children under five years in nearly two decades in different types of areas in China,and discuss the existing problems and potentially effective strategies to tackle them. Methods：Using the data of the four national household health surveys conducted in 1993,1998,2003 and 2008,respectively,and Chinese Annals of Health 2010 issued by Ministry of Health.Some key indicators were selected to demonstrate these changes and variations. Results：From 1993 to 2008,the proportion of infants with low birth weight dropped from 3.4% to 2.7% with the prevalence of illnesses within two weeks for children under five years decreasing from 20.0% to 17.4%,and the registration rate of planned immunization increased from 61.5% to 97.9% with the rate of seeking medical treatment of children under five years within two weeks increasing from 31.0% to 97.0%.The neonatal mortality rate,infant mortality rate and mortality rate of children under five years dropped from 33.1‰,50.2‰ and 61.0‰ in 1991 to 9.0‰,13.8‰ and 17.2‰ in 2009,respectively,but these three indicators in rural areas were 2.4,2.7 and 2.8 times that of urban areas.The coverage of comprehensive care for children under three years ascended from 46.3% in 1990 to 77.2% in 2009. Conclusion：In past near two decades,the health status of children in China had been improved significantly,and the gap between rural areas and urban areas narrowed continuously.However,the inequity in health status and healthcare services utilization of children still exists with constraints from socioeconomic development in different areas.It is suggested that migrant women and children would be the important targets of public health programs so as to promote the health status of children in China.

关 键 词：5岁以下儿童 健康状况 卫生服务 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]