失效锂离子电池材料真空热处理及氨性浸出  

Heating treatment of spent lithium-ion batteries and ammoniacal leaching of product of LiCoO_2 reduced by carbon in vacuum

作　　者：揭晓武[1] 王成彦[1] 李敦钫[1] 尹飞[1] 陈永强[1] 杨永强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京矿冶研究总院冶金研究设计所,北京100044

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2012年第5期1699-1703,共5页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50734005)

摘　　要：研究了失效锂离子电池中塑料、电极隔膜等有机物的真空脱除,并以电池级纯钴酸锂(LiCoO2)为原料,与活性炭粉混合,在真空中进行热还原,还原产物用含NH3和NH4HCO3的氨性水溶液浸出。实验结果表明,当加热温度大于450℃,真空压力<400 Pa时,失效锂离子电池中有机挥发物基本被脱除。在400℃真空温度下纯LiCoO2不被炭粉还原;当还原温度达到600℃,LiCoO2转变为CoO、Co和Li2CO3;在800℃时,还原产物主要为六方相、立方相金属钴及少量的CoO。还原产物中的钴易于被氨性水溶液浸出,浸出3 h后,钴基本进入溶液中,锂的浸出率也达到97%以上。The removal of organics from spent lithium-ion batteries,such as outer plastic shell and electrode membrane by vacuum distillation was studied.Battery-grade LiCoO2 was reduced by activated carbon using vacuum carbonthermal reduction method,and then the reduced mixture was leached in ammoniacal aqueous solution containing NH3 and NH4HCO3.Experimental results demonstrated that all the organics were removed at 450℃ under the vacuum pressure of 400 Pa.There was no reaction between LiCoO2 and carbon when heating temperature was below 400℃ under vacuum condition.Co and Li elements in the mixture of LiCoO2 and carbon were then transformed into CoO,Co and Li2CO3 phases at 600℃.Cobalt metal in cubic and hexagonal structures and a small amount of CoO were obtained at 800℃.The reduced product was easily leached out in the ammoniacal solution.Cobalt phases were dissolved into solution with leaching time up to 3 h,and the leaching ratio of lithium was above 97%.

关 键 词：失效锂离子电池 真空 钴酸锂 氨浸 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]