水文土壤学面临的机遇与挑战  

Opportunity and Challenges for Hydropedology

作　　者：李小雁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2012年第5期557-562,共6页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目"半干旱区土壤水文过程与植被响应"(编号:41025001);国家自然科学基金重点项目"青海湖流域生态水文过程与水分收支研究"(编号:41130640);长江学者和创新团队计划"土壤水文与土壤侵蚀"(编号:IRT1108)资助

摘　　要：水文土壤学是以土壤发生学、土壤物理学和水文学为主的新兴交叉学科,综合研究不同时空尺度土壤与水的相互作用关系,在地球表层系统科学综合集成研究中具有特殊地位和重要作用。阐述了水文土壤学形成背景与内涵、学科与理论基础及研究进展,并展望未来面临的机遇与挑战。水文土壤学重点解决以下2个科学问题:①土壤结构及土壤—景观分布格局在不同时空尺度上如何主导和影响水文过程以及与其相关的生物地球化学循环和生态系统演变;②景观系统水文过程如何影响土壤发育、演变、异质性及其功能。水文土壤学面临研究方法和理论创新、多尺度综合观测网络体系构建及人才培养等方面的挑战。Hydropedology is a new interdisciplinary science between pedology, soil physics and hydrology, which studies the interface between the pedosphere and the hydrosphere, with an emphasis on interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes across scales. Hydropedology plays a prominent and important role in the integrated stud- ies of the near-surface terrestrial system science. This paper reviewed background, disciplinary and theoretical ba- sis, recent advance and key scientific issues of hydropedology, and discussed opportunity and challenges for hy- dropedology in the near future. Hydropedology aims to holistically address the following two basic questions ： ①How do soil architecture and the distribution of soils over the landscape exert a first-order control on hydrologic processes and associated biogeochemical and ecological dynamics across spatio-temporal scales？ ②How do landscape hydro- logic processes and the associated transport of energy, sediment, chemicals, and biomaterials by flowing water in- fluence soil genesis, evolution, variability, and functions？ Future challenges for hydropedology include innovation of method and theory, observatory networks across scales and researcher training.

关 键 词：水文土壤学 土壤发生学 土壤物理学 水文学 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学] P33[农业科学—农业基础科学]