日本福岛核事故期间环境放射性水平的监测  

Monitoring of environmental radioactivity in China following the Fukushima nuclear accident

作　　者：拓飞[1] 徐翠华[1] 张京[1] 周强[1] 李文红[1] 赵力[1] 张庆[1] 张建峰[1] 苏旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2012年第2期120-124,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的 检测日本福岛核事故期间我国部分地区环境样品中人工放射性核素的含量,评价事故对我国的放射性污染程度。方法 采集大气气溶胶、水、生物、土壤等样品共计118个,采用高纯锗（HPGe）γ谱仪分析样品中^131I和137Cs等人工放射性核素的活度浓度。结果 在大气气溶胶样品中陆续检测到了微量^131I、134Cs、137Cs和136Cs,其中4月2日的活度浓度分别达到1720、247、289和23 μBq/m3;在1份雨水样品和2份表层土壤样品中,均检测出极微量的^131I,比活度分别为2.08 Bq/L,1.82和0.59 Bq/kg;4月2—13日采集的18份蔬菜样品中,均检测出极微量的^131I,含量为055~2.68 Bq/kg。牛奶、饮用水、海水和海产品中均未检出异常浓度的^131I和137Cs。结论 福岛核事故期间,我国的部分环境样品测到了极微量的人工放射性污染,但其对公众成人所致待积有效剂量极其微小,不会影响公众健康。Objective To determine the artificial radionuclides levels in environmental samples collected in some areas of China following the Japanese Fukushima nuclear accident, and to evaluate the extent of radioactive contamination. Methods A total of 118 samples including aerosol, water, soil and biological samples were collected and the activity concentrations of 131I, 137Cs and other artificial radionuclides were analyzed by using high-purity germanium （HPGe） γ spectrometry. Results Artificial radionuclides ^131I, 134Cs, 137Cs and 136Cs were detected in the aerosol samples on 2 April, 2011 and the activity concentrations were 1720, 247,289, and 23 μBq/m3, respectively. Trace amount of 131I was detected in one sample of rain water and two samples of surface soil with concentrations of 2.08 Bq/L, 1.82 and 0.59 Bq/kg, respectively. ^131I was also detected in 18 vegetable samples which were collected from 2 April to 13 April with the range of 0.55-2.68 Bq/kg. Neither abnormal concentrations of ^131I nor 137Cs was detected in milk, drinking water, sea water and marine products samples. Conclusions During the Fukushima nuclear accident, although minute quantities of radionuclides were detected in some samples collected in China, the effective dose for adults attributed to the nuclear accident is extremely small and significantly below the level that could cause harm to the public.

关 键 词：福岛核事故 131I 137Cs γ 能谱 

分 类 号：X837[环境科学与工程—环境工程]