温带森林磷沉降-水系统输出-迁移动态特征及对土壤磷影响  

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION-OUTPUT AND TRANSLOCATION OF PHOSPHORUS WITH WATER SYSTEM AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SOIL PHOSPHORUS IN TEMPERATE FORESTS

作　　者：陈立新[1] 乔璐[1] 段文标[1] 黄兰英[1] 马海娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《土壤学报》2012年第3期454-464,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：原人事部留学回国人员科技活动择优资助重点项目"落叶松凋落物磷素营养释放机制及其有效性调控";教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目"落叶松人工林生态系统土壤质量恢复调控机制"资助

摘　　要：采用对比和分析的方法,研究了黑龙江省带岭凉水国家级自然保护区温带森林生态系统磷沉降、溪流、河流和渗透水输出磷含量动态特征,以及磷沉降和水系统磷输出对红松人工林、落叶松人工林、椴树红松混交林、枫桦红松混交林和白桦次生林5种林型土壤全磷和有效磷的影响。结果表明,研究区域通过降雨产生的年磷沉降量约为0.888 kg hm-2,7月除红松人工林外,其他4个林型穿透雨磷浓度均高于大气降雨的磷浓度。7月枫桦红松林、8月白桦次生林和红松人工林A层土壤渗透水磷浓度低于林内雨磷浓度,表层土壤对穿透雨中磷有固定作用。在凉水自然保护区森林生态系统内,森林系统内小溪流、凉水河和凉水森林系统外永翠河水磷浓度均较林外降雨及穿透降雨磷浓度高,表现为永翠河水>土壤A层渗透水>凉水河>小溪>穿透雨>大气降雨。表明土壤中部分磷素通过地表径流和壤中流流出森林生态系统,并汇集于林中小溪,最后进入河流,造成磷在小溪和河流中的富集。大气磷沉降、森林水系统磷输出均与椴树红松林A0层土壤全磷含量呈显著负相关,与红松人工林B层土壤全磷含量呈极显著正相关,与落叶松人工林A0层土壤有效磷含量呈极显著正相关。By comparison and analysis,dynamic characteristics were studied of phosphorus input through atmospheric deposition and output with streams,rivers and seepage water,and their effects on soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus in forest soils under different types of forests,i.e.Korean pine plantation,larix olgensis plantation,natural Korean pine and linden mixed forest,natural Korean pine and Betula costata mixed forest,natural secondary birch forest,within a temperate forest ecosystem in the Dailing Liangshui National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province.Results show that the annual atmospheric phosphorus deposition with rainfall was at 0.888 kg/hm2;phosphorus concentration was higher in July in throughfall in all the forests except Korean pine plantation than in the rain from the sky;it was lower in July and August in percolating water through soil A horizon in natural Korean pine and Betula costata mixed forest,natural secondary birch forest and Korean pine plantation,than in rainfall inside the forests,which suggests that the topsoils fixed a part of the phosphorus brought in with thoughfall,and it was higher in Stream 1,Stream 2 and the Langshui River,all inside the forest ecosystem of the natural reserve,and the Yongcui River outside the natural reserve than in bulk precipitation and throughfall,showing an order of bulk precipitationthroughfallstreamsLangshui Riverpercolating water through Soil layer AYongcui River,which indicates that a part of the phosphorus in the soil is lost,flowing with surface runoff and leaching into streams out of the forest ecosystem and finally pooled into the river,causing phosphorus enrichment in the streams and rivers.TP in A0 horizon of the soil in the natural Korean pine and linden mixed forest was negatively related,but TP in B horizon of the soil in the Korean pine plantation and available P in A0 horizon of the soil in the birch plantation were both positively related,to atmospheric phosphorus deposition and phosphorus output from the forest water system.

关 键 词：温带森林 磷沉降 迁移 水系统输出 磷 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]