免耕对旱作燕麦田耕层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响  

EFFECTS OF NON-TILLAGE ON SOIL MICROBIAL C,N AND P IN PLOUGH LAYER OF OAT FIELD

作　　者：郭晓霞[1] 刘景辉[1] 张星杰[1] 李立军[1] 赵宝平[1] Surya N.Acharya 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学燕麦科技创新团队,呼和浩特010019 [2]Lethbridge Research Centre,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge,Alberta,T1J 4B1,Canada

出　　处：《土壤学报》2012年第3期575-582,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点课题(2006BAD15B05);挑战计划"黄河流域旱作保护性耕作项目"(CPWFY RB200503);国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT);中国农业大学与内蒙古农业大学两校合作基金项目资助

摘　　要：2005～2008年,在内蒙古清水河县研究了免耕留低茬(NL)、免耕留高茬(NH)、免耕留低茬覆盖(NLS)、免耕留高茬覆盖(NHS)和常规耕作(T)5种耕作方式对旱坡地燕麦田耕层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响。结果表明:各处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量在不同年际间的变化趋势一致。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量均呈双峰曲线变化,其中,NHS和NLS处理土壤微生物生物量碳的峰值出现在拔节期和灌浆期,NH、NL和T处理的土壤微生物生物量碳的峰值出现在孕穗期和灌浆期,而土壤微生物生物量氮的峰值则出现在苗期和灌浆期。土壤微生物生物量磷呈单峰曲线变化,各处理的峰值均出现在灌浆期。不同年份间、不同生育期间,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量的大小顺序为:NHS>NLS>NH>NL>T。其中,免耕各处理的燕麦产量相对常规耕作呈先降低后增加的趋势,以2008年为例,NHS、NLS、NH、NL燕麦产量分别较T增加了22%、17%、11%、5%。综上所述,免耕有利于提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量,而且可有效地增加作物产量,尤其是NHS和NLS处理比较明显。A field experiment was carried out in 2005~2008 to a study effects of different tillage methods on soil microbial biomass C,N and P in plough layer of an oat field in Qingshuihe County,Inner Mongolia.The experiment was designed to have five treatments,i.e.non-tillage with short stubbles（NL）,non-tillage with tall stubbles（NH）,non-tillage with short stubbles and mulch（NLS）,non-tillage with tall stubbles and mulch（NHS） and conventional tillage（T）.Results show no much difference between the treatments in trend in interannual variation of soil microbial biomass C,N and P in amount.Both soil microbial biomass C and N followed a double-peak curve.The peaks appreared at the jointing and filling stages,separately in Treatments NLS and NHS,and at booting and filling stages,separately in Treatments NL,NH and T while the peaks of soil microbial biomass N did at the seedling and filling stages,separately.However,the amount of soil microbial biomass P varied following a single-peak curve,with the peak appearing at the filling stage in all the treatments.Regardless of years or growing stages,the treatments followed a decreasing order of Treatment NHSTreatment NLSTreatment NHTreatment NLTreatment T in amount of soil microbial biomass C,N and P.All the non-tillage treatments affected yield of the crop,which declined first and then rose as compared with CK or Treatment T.Taking 2008 as an example,yield of the crop increased by 22%,17%,11% and 5%,respectively,in Treatment NHS,Treatment NLS,Treatment NH and Treatment NL.To sum up,non-tillage especially non-tillage with stubbles and mulch,is conducive to improvement of contents of soil microbial biomass C,N and P,and yield of the crop.

关 键 词：免耕 燕麦 耕层 土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷 产量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]