中国优秀乒乓球运动员运动损伤特点分析  

Sports Injury Characteristics of Chinese Top Table Tennis Players

作　　者：尚清华[1] 尚学东[2] 鲁智勇[2] 李伟[2] 张乐伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]沧州师范学院,河北沧州061001 [2]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2012年第5期83-86,共4页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

摘　　要：目的:通过对国家乒乓球队80名乒乓球运动员的流行病调查,对主要伤病类型和受伤原因进行总结分析,并提出切实可行的防治对策及建议。方法:采用运动损伤调查问卷和临床检查等方法进行流行病学调查,并结合项目实践对结果进行分析。结果:共发现运动损伤70例(120人次),损伤病种52种,患病率为87.5%。乒乓球运动主要损伤部位是腰、膝和肩,分别为25%,20%和17.5%。主要损伤类型是肌损伤20%、韧带伤18%和末端病16%。最为常见的乒乓球损伤病种为肩袖损伤、腰肌劳损和膝脂肪垫炎,分别为10%、10%和5%。统计分析了不同技战术打法的运动损伤率,最高的是直拍单面拉弧圈球的打法。乒乓球运动损伤的主要原因为局部劳损、运动疲劳和肌肉力量不足等。建议合理安排身体局部负荷,提高准备活动和整理活动的质量,针对不同技战术打法制定不同身体训练方案,以减少损伤。The purpose of this paper is to analyze and sum up the main epidemic injuries of 80 players in the national team so as to reveal the main reasons and come up with the corresponding countermeasures. Questionnaire on sports injuries and clinic examinations are used to conduct a survey on epidemics and the results are analyzed in conjunction with the project practice, with the result showing that there are 70 cases of sports injuries（ among 120 players） with 50 kinds of injuries, a prevalence rate of 87.5%. Sports injuries in table tennis mainly occur to the players＇waists, knees and shoulders, 25% , 20% and 17.5% respectively. The main types of injury are muscle damage（ 20% ） , ligament injury （18%） and enthesiopathy （16%）. The most common table tennis injuries are rotator cuff tears（ 10% ）, lumbar muscle strain（ 10% ） and knee fat pad inflammation（5% ）. Statistical analysis of the injury rate for players of different tactics and styles shows that the ones with pen -hold curving styles are exposed to the highest rate. The main cause of table tennis sports injury is the players＂ local strain, sports fatigue and weak muscle strength, etc. The paper suggests that we should arrange the local body load reasonably, improve the quality of warming- up and coding- down activities and make flexible physical training plans according to the players＇different tactics and styles in order to reduce injuries.

关 键 词：乒乓球 运动损伤 流行病学 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练]