黄河平滩流量的多时间尺度现象  

Multiple time scales of bank-full discharge in the Yellow River

作　　者：张艳艳[1] 钟德钰[1] 吴保生[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水科学进展》2012年第3期302-309,共8页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2011CB403304);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50979041)~~

摘　　要：受气候系统影响的水文系统具有多时间尺度变化规律。由于平滩流量与水沙条件变化关系密切,也必然会呈现出多时间尺度演变规律。基于黄河下游主要测站1950～2007年平滩流量及水沙资料,利用小波分析原理分析了平滩流量、流量和含沙量序列的多时间尺度变化特征,以及不同时间尺度下水沙序列与平滩流量序列之间的相关关系。结果表明,黄河下游主要测站的平滩流量序列存在5～6年和19～20年的主要时间尺度,且水沙条件多尺度变化规律与平滩流量有密切关系。此外,对黄河上游和渭河支流主要测站的平滩流量与水沙条件的多时间尺度进行了分析,发现不同河段的平滩流量序列与含沙量序列存在不同的相位差,且相位差大小随含沙量增大而减少。揭示的黄河平滩流量与水沙条件的多时间尺度变化规律,可为研究河床演变的多时间尺度现象提供参考。Under the influence of climate changes, the hydrologic system has the characteristics of muhiple time scales. The bank-full discharge, as a function of inflow conditions, also has the characteristics of multiple time scales. This phenomenon was studied based on the observed data of bank-full discharge, flow discharge and sediment concentration at hydrologic stations in the lower Yellow River from 1950 -2007. The main time scales of these data series were obtained, and the relationship between bank-full discharge and inflow conditions under the same time scale was analyzed using the method of continuous wavelet analysis. Results show that the bank-full discharge of selected stations in the lower Yellow River have main time scales of 5 - 6 years and 19 - 20 years. In addition, the multiple time scales phenomenon at selected stations in the upper Yellow River and lower Wei River was also analyzed. A phase difference between bank-full discharge and sediment concentration was founded, with its value being different at different river reaches. Moreover, it was founded that the delayed time decreases as the annual sediment concentration increase. The phenomenon of multiple time scales of inflow condition and bank-full discharge in the Yellow River investigated in this paper is helpful for the study of multiple time scales existing in fluvial processes.

关 键 词：平滩流量 小波分析 多时间尺度 黄河 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]