我国12所医院压疮现患率和医院内获得性压疮发生率调研  

Research of Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer and Hospital-acquired Pressure Ulcer

作　　者：徐玲[1] 蒋琪霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学护理学院,江苏南京210002 [2]中国人民解放军南京军区南京总医院门诊部伤口护理中心,江苏南京210002

出　　处：《护理学报》2012年第9期9-13,共5页Journal of Nursing（China）

基　　金：南京军区南京总医院科研基金(2010M012)

摘　　要：目的了解我国医院内住院患者压疮现患率及医院内获得性压疮发生率,为评价预防措施的效果提供依据。方法采用欧洲压疮专家组设计并经过信效度检验的资料收集工具和伤口造口失禁护士协会制定的压疮现患率调查工具,组织463名护士对全国12所医院的住院患者压疮现患率进行横断面调研。结果全国12所医院共调查了39 951例患者,压疮现患率为1.577%,其中医院内获得性压疮现患率为0.628%,排除Ⅰ期压疮,现患率为1.121%。调研共筛选出630例患者共计1 034处压疮,平均每人1.641处。压疮现患率在ICU最高为11.916%,其次为老年病房3.335%,而在外科最低为0.805%。最常见的压疮部位为骶尾部,占46.518%,其余依次为髂嵴11.112%,足跟8.704%,大转子7.253%,足踝5.996%,其他部位20.417%。压疮分期分布为:Ⅰ期压疮占22.437%,Ⅱ期压疮占35.010%;III期及以上者占42.553%。结论本次调研是我国首次进行的多中心联合压疮现患率调研。虽然参与此次全国性调研的医院仅有12所,但是由于医院覆盖面较广且样本量大,因此可以提供压疮现患率的基线数据。建议建立官方网站,联合全国更多的医院定期进行压疮现患率的调研,以获得更准确的压疮现患率,为评价护理质量和合理分配预防资源提供依据。Objective To ascertain the prevalence data of pressure ulcer and hospital-acquired pressure ulcer in China and to provide the evidence for the evaluation of preventive measures. Methods Data collection instrument from European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel （EPUAP） and pressure ulcer data collection tool from Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses society （WOCNs） were used in this study. Results A sample of 39 951 from 12 hospitals 9 cities was surveyed. The overall prevalence with （without） stage Ⅰ was 1.577% （1.121%）, in which hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevalence was 0.628%. A total of 630 inpatients had 1 034 pressure ulcers, with the averages of 1.641 ulcers per patient. The most common location was sacrococcygeal region （46.518%） and iliac crest （11.112%）, and stage Ⅱ （35.010%） was predominant in this study. Prevalence reached highest in ICU （11.916%） and geriatric ward （3.335%）, and lowest in surgical unit （0.805%）. Conclusion Though there is low hospital participation in the study; however, the conclusion still could be drawn from this study, based on diverse institution and sample size. It is recommended to establish an official website for exact prevalence data so as to provide evidence for the evaluation of nursing quality and rational allocation of resource.

关 键 词：压疮 医院内获得性压疮 现患率 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]