中国中西部前陆盆地油气分布控制因素  

Dominant factors of hydrocarbon distribution in the foreland basins, central and western China

作　　者：宋岩[1,2,3] 赵孟军[1,3] 方世虎[1,3] 谢会文[4] 柳少波[1,3] 卓勤功 

机构地区：[1]提高石油采收率国家重点实验室 [2]中国石油大学(北京)非常规天然气研究院 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [4]中国石油塔里木油田公司

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2012年第3期265-274,共10页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"大型油气田及煤层气开发"(2008ZX05003)

摘　　要：从中国中西部前陆盆地类型、构造单元和构造带3个层次深入分析控制油气分布的主要因素。中国中西部主要发育叠加型、改造型、早衰型和新生型4种前陆盆地,其油气成藏条件、成藏特征与油气聚集模式决定了不同类型前陆盆地油气分布的差异。前陆盆地发育冲断带、前渊、斜坡带和隆起带等构造单元,不同构造单元在烃源岩发育与演化、圈闭类型及成藏过程、保存条件等方面的差异导致不同构造单元油气分布特征的差异。前陆冲断带是中西部前陆盆地油气富集的主要构造单元,烃源岩与储盖组合、构造特征及保存条件是其油气聚集成藏的主控因素,冲断带断层、盖层的时空配置控制了油气分布的分带、分段特征和富集规律,指示着不同构造段的油气富集部位及有利勘探目标。Dominant factors controlling hydrocarbon distribution are analyzed from three aspects： the types,structural units and structural belts of the foreland basins of central and western China.There developed four types of foreland basins in China,superimposed,reformed,presenile,and new-generated foreland basins.Hydrocarbon distribution is different in the four types of basins and is controlled by their respective hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,characteristics and patterns.Thrust belts,fordeeps,slope belts and uplift belts are developed in foreland basins.The difference of these structural units in source rock development and evolution,trap type,hydrocarbon accumulation process,and preservation condition,cause different characteristics of hydrocarbon distribution in different structural belts.The main hydrocarbon enriched structural units are foreland thrust belts,in which the source rock and reservoircaprock assemblage,structural configuration and the preservation conditions are the critical factors for hydrocarbon accumulation.The configuration of faults and cap rocks in thrust belts determines the features and enrichment regularity of hydrocarbon and indicates hydrocarbon enriched locations and favorable exploration targets in various structural belts.

关 键 词：前陆盆地 构造单元 冲断带 油气分布 控制因素 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]