尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼饲料的适宜脂肪需要量  

Optimal dietary lipid requirement of advanced juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

作　　者：涂玮[1] 田娟[2] 文华[2] 蒋明[2] 吴凡[2] 刘伟[2] 张明明[1] 孙立威[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2012年第3期436-444,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家罗非鱼现代产业技术体系建设经费项目(CARS-49);农业部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201003020);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(2011JBFA21)

摘　　要：选用初始体质量为(46.14±4.67)g的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis nilotica)360尾,随机分成6组(每组4重复,每重复15尾),分别饲喂添加鱼油水平为0%(对照组)、3%、6%、9%、12%和15%的纯化饲料(实测脂肪水平为0.20%、2.70%、6.11%、8.04%、11.13%和14.85%)。饲养8周后,以尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长、体组成、血清生化及脂肪代谢酶活性等指标为判断依据,确定其饲料的脂肪需要量。结果表明,随饲料脂肪水平的升高,尼罗罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率以及蛋白质效率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数呈现先下降后上升的趋势。饲料脂肪水平的升高使尼罗罗非鱼肝体比及全鱼和肌肉的脂肪含量显著增加(P<0.05)。随饲料脂肪水平的升高,尼罗罗非鱼血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,各实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清高密度脂蛋白含量呈先上升后稳定的趋势;血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均在饲料脂肪水平为6.11%时最小,在14.85%时达到最大。随饲料脂肪水平的升高,尼罗罗非鱼脂蛋白酯酶、肝脂酶和肠道脂肪酶活性均呈先升高后下降的趋势,脂肪酸合成酶活性显著下降(P<0.05)。对增重率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇进行回归分析得出,尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼饲料最适脂肪水平分别为8.86%,9.75%,9.40%和8.30%,因此确定尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼饲料适宜的脂肪需要量为8.30%～9.75%。Dietary lipids play an important role in fish nutrition as a source of energy, essential fatty acids, and as a vector for fat-soluble vitamins that are needed to maintain the biological structure and normal function of cell membranes. A number of studies have shown that increasing the proportion of lipid in fish feed reduces the need for protein and results in improved growth, feed conversion efficiency, and palatability, and reduces environ- mental pollution from the feed and its metabolites. However, little is known about the dietary lipid requirements of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. Our objective was to determine the optimal dietary lipid requirement of ad- vanced juvenile O. niloticus. We randomly assigned fish （n= 360） with average initial body weight of （46.14±4.67） g into 6 groups consisting of 4 replicates （n=15 fish/replicate）. Each group was fed a diet containing either 0 （control group）, 3%, 6, 9%, 12%, or 15% fish oil for 8 weeks （actual lipid level was 0.20%, 2.70%, 6.11%, 8.04%, 11.13%, and 14.85%, respectively）. We measured growth, lipid deposition, serum biochemical indexes, and lipid metabolism enzyme activities at the end of the trial. Weight gain rate （WGR）, specific growth rate （SGR）, and protein efficiency ratio （PER） initially increased with increasing lipid concentrations but then decreased. Conversely, the feed conversation ratio （FCR） first decreased then increased. Using second order regression analysis, we estimated that the optimal level of dietary lipid to promote WGR, FCR, and PER was 8.86%, 9.75% and 9.40%, respectively. An increase in dietary lipid levels was associated with a significant increase in the hepatosomatic index （HSI） and crude fat content in both the whole body and muscle （P〈0.05）. Serum total cholesterol （TCHO） and triglyceride （TG） levels first increased then decreased as the level of die- tary lipid increased. High density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） content first increased then plateaued as lev- els

关 键 词：尼罗罗非鱼 脂肪需求量 脂肪沉积 血清生化指标 脂肪代谢酶 活性 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]