烤烟不同移栽期的生育期气象条件和产量品质对比  

Comparison on meteorological conditions of growth periods,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in different transplanting dates

作　　者：胡钟胜 杨春江[2] 施旭[3] 招启柏 

机构地区：[1]江苏省中烟工业有限责任公司,江苏南京210019 [2]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南玉溪653100 [3]云南省烟草公司红河州公司,云南红河672300

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2012年第2期66-70,共5页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局特色优质烟叶开发重大专项(国烟办综〔2011〕31号);云南省烟草公司项目"云南烟区烤烟抗旱栽培技术研究与应用"(2010YN10)共同资助

摘　　要：为增强烤烟对气候变化的适应性,提高烤烟经济效益与品质,以K346品种为材料于2010年在弥勒县虹溪镇烟叶基地开展移栽试验,研究不同移栽期下的烤烟气象条件、农艺性状和经济效益以及烟叶化学成分并进行统计分析,以期得出适宜的移栽期。结果表明:与4月20日、30日和5月10日移栽相比,5月20日和5月30日移栽的温度及降水并不存在劣势,但光照与大田期≥10℃活动积温的劣势较明显;4月20日和5月10日移栽的气象条件有利于烟叶生长,而5月30日移栽的气象条件不利于烟叶生长,4月20日至5月10日移栽的气象条件与国内外优质烟区具有很高的相似性,5月20日和5月30日移栽期与国内外优质烟区气候相似程度小于4月20日至5月10日移栽期。适当提前移栽,可增加叶面积指数、株高、茎围和节距;随着移栽时间的推迟,烟叶产量、中上等烟比例和产值呈先上升后下降的规律;烟叶的产量、中上等烟比例、产值综合指标以移栽期为4月30日和5月10日较好。移栽期为4月30日和5月10日的烟叶化学指标总体表现适宜,化学成分协调。弥勒县虹溪镇或气象条件与之类似的烟区在4月30日至5月10日移栽,可以改善烤烟气象条件,易获得优质适产。The tobacco planting experiment was conducted using K346 as the material at tobacco base of Mile County of Yunnan province in 2001 in order to improve economic benefit and quality of flue-cured tobacco and enhance the adaptability of flue-cured tobacco to climate change.The agronomic character,economic benefit and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco,and meteorological conditions in the different transplanting dates were analyzed for obtaining the suitable transplanting date.The results indicated that temperature and precipitation is suitable to growth of flue-cured tobacco transplanted on April 20 and 30 and May 10,so is on May 20 and 30.However,sunshine duration and accumulative temperature（≥10 ℃） is not suitable to growth of flue-cured tobacco transplanted on May 20 and 30.The meteorological conditions are favorable to growth of flue-cured tobacco transplanted on April 20 and May 10,while those are not favorable to that transplanted on May 30.The meteorological conditions from April 20 to May 10 at tobacco bases of Mile County are similar to that of the foreign high quality tobacco region.However,similarity extents of meteorological conditions between tobacco bases in Mile County and in the foreign base with high quality tobacco region are lower on May 20 and 30 than from April 20 to May 10.Appropriate early transplanting could increase leaf area index,plant height,stem circumference and stem length.With deferring the transplanting date,tobacco yield,the proportion of better quality tobacco and economic income increase firstly and then decrease.The optimal transplanting dates are on April 30 and May 10,and the chemical indices of tobacco are perfect and the chemical compositions are reasonable.The tobacco transplanted from April 30 to May 10 has the suitable yield and the high quality at tobacco base of Mile County or at tobacco production region with similar meteorological conditions.

关 键 词：烤烟 移栽期 气候 农艺/经济性状 化学成分 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]