北美洲干旱灾害应对策略及其对中国的启示  

Response to drought disaster in North America and their experiences to China

作　　者：王青[1,2] 严登华[2] 翁白莎[1,3] 冯婧[1,2] 史璇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100044 [3]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2012年第2期332-338,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：气候变化对旱涝灾害的影响及风险评估(2010CB951102)

摘　　要：在全球气候变化背景下,各地极端气候事件有上升趋势。其中以洪涝和干旱灾害对人类生活的影响最大、最频繁。在长期应对干旱灾害的经历中,北美洲各国逐渐形成了较为完善的干旱灾害应对模式,通过立法、风险管理、制定干旱计划、工程措施与非工程措施相结合等多种手段降低干旱灾害带来的损失。通过文献查阅与综述方法,结合北美洲国家相关网站介绍,总结了了北美洲应对干旱灾害的经验,针对我国干旱管理不足提出建议,以期为我国的干旱灾害风险管理和应对提供思路和启示。In the context of global climate change,extreme weather events are growing up.Among them,the flood and drought disasters influence our life most deeply.There are various climate types over North America,and its latitude location and sea-land position are generally similar to Eurasia.Besides,most places over North America locate in the arid areas.With the growing impact drought made in the whole world,increasingly attention turns to reducing the risk of drought disasters-through a variety of mitigation actions and plans to improve the operational capabilities,in order to reduce the risk of drought events.At present,the general trend of the international drought management evolves from the passive emergency drought-resistant and crisis management to the proactive risk management.In the long-term response to drought disasters,North America countries evolved fairly complete coping strategies against drought disasters-through legislation,drought risk management,drought planning,engineering /non-engineering measures,drought subsidies and insurance,water-saving management in drought period,national integrated drought information system and other means to reduce the losses caused by drought.Facing up to the serious drought situation,the action policy in China which puts much emphasis on drought-resistant rather than drought prevention shows its drawback gradually,and becomes difficult to meet the demand of drought-resistant in the new period.This paper mainly used document searching and reviewing,combining some websites information of North America droughts to introduce the drought condition,then analyzed the main causes of the droughts and summed up their responding experiences,coming up with some advises specific to the lack of drought management in China,in order to put forward ideas and inspiration on risk management and mitigation measures in China.The primary enlightenments are as follows：（1）Transforming the passive drought-resistant-oriented management mode in the past to the proactive drought risk managemen

关 键 词：北美洲 干旱灾害 风险管理 启示 

分 类 号：S423[农业科学—植物保护]