城市空间扩展对区域洪涝孕灾环境的影响  

The Impact of Urban Spatial Expansion on Regional Environment of Flood Hazards Gestation:A Cace Study in Jiangning District of Nanjing City

作　　者：苏伟忠[1] 杨桂山[1] 陈爽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《资源科学》2012年第5期933-939,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:41171429);国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:41030745);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(编号:KZCX2-EW-315)

摘　　要：城市空间增长直接改变地表不透水面、河流景观等洪涝孕灾环境,引起产汇流过程紊乱和涝灾发生。采用多源数据及GIS、实地勘测等多分析手段,基于洪涝孕灾环境特征变化视角,分析当前江宁开发区城市空间快速增长与涝灾频发的影响关系:开发区成立至今城市建设用地增加了10.34倍,水面率下降近50%;目前全区不透水率48.12%,主要建设用地平均不透水率超过70%;研究区城市空间增长直接驱动下用地不透水率及格局、径流路径与汇水区分布以及河流景观特征及行洪能力显著改变,最后分析提出产水量大、汇流集中且河流排洪差的主要洪涝孕灾环境敏感区,为用地布局的水文安全及洪涝预防体系建设提供参考。The urban spatial growth directly changes the flood hazards inducing environments such as impervious surface, river landscape, which leads to the disorder of runoff process and floods disaster. This paper emphasizes on measuring and analyzing the impact of urban spatial growth on flood hazards inducing environments during the urbanization process of Jiangning Economic and Technological Development Zone based on the data from remote sensing images, hydrological and urban planning, and the analysis tools of Geographic Information System （GIS）, site investigation and modeling. The statistics show that since 2000 urban spatial growth has been particularly rapid, and the area of urban construction land has increased by nearly four times; the water surface area rate has dropped by 50%; the spatial growth models have transmitted local infill development with cluster pattern into large-scale expansion in urban outer areas; the rate of impervious surface areas throughout the whole study area is 48.12% now, and the mean impervious surface area rate of construction land is over 70%. Therefore, the impervious surface rate, runoff paths and river landscape features have been evidently changed by the urban spatial growth. The analysis of DEM data show that Yin-Xiang region near the eastern outlet of Jiulong Lake and the area surrounding Niushou, Jiangjun and Cuiping mountains mostly tend to form flood hazards. In addition, the intersection area of Jiangjun Road-Tianyuan Road, the intersection area between Niushou river and Jiangjun Road and the region of Yin-Xiang are regarded as the most sensitive areas that induce flood hazards, and the area along Jiangjun Road and Focheng Road is of higher sensitivity. The results can serve as references for hydrological safety of land use arrangement and the construction of flood prevention system.

关 键 词：城市空间增长 洪涝孕灾环境 不透水面 河流景观 江宁开发区 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]